The Tunure Length And Rank Of Reisident Male Effect The Consortship Inter OMU In Golden Snub-nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus Roxellana)

The society of the golden snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana)in central Chian of Qinling is supposed to be the most complicated one in all of the non-human primates,which is considered to be Multilevel society(MLS).It is a polygynous species whose preliminary social structure is composed with one-male and multi-female units with infants and juveniles of both sexes(OMU).Differ from other polygynous Colobinae in Asia in which OMUs seems to be territoriality and independent,in Rhinopithecus roxellana society,numbers of OMUs foraging and living together-independent and exclusive.Several OMUs form a breeding band associating with one or more AMUs to form a herd,and two or three herds to form a troop.Thus,it would be very important to explore the unit formation,inter-unit relationships,and social hierarchy of this species to help us understand the mechanism of golden snub-nosed monkey how to maintain the stable social structure.This study were initiated from September 2015 to June 2016,during the study period,16 OMUs were tracked in Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve,Qinling Mountains,central China.With the method of scan sampling technique and all-occurrence recording technique,we collected spatial proximity and aggressive-submissive behavior between resident males in these 16 OMUs.1198 distance samples(804 in winter 2015;394 in spring 2016)and 769 aggression-submission were collected during our observation time.We used SOCPROG V2.1 and Netdraw in UCINET V 1.0 to analyze the distances between OMUs,and DAVID'S Score to calculate the OMU's dominance hierarchy and steepness.The results show that long-term resident males play an integral role in community composition,but the tenure and hierarchy do not have direct influence in the affiliations between OMUs.In addition,the relatedness between resident males also showed no correlative effects in the affiliations between OMUs.The alliance between OMUs is supposed not exist,their space distribution is random.Therefore,we hypothesize that there is no constant assembly between OMUs in the golden snub-nosed monkey.And the mechanism of golden snub-nosed monkey to maintain the stable social structure is still need deeper exploration,we hope this study would provide a fresh insight to enable us to have a further understanding of Rhnopithecus roxellana.