All-male Group Composed Of The Qinling Mountains (Rhinopithecus Roxellana), Sub-groups And Hierarchical Relationship Between The Type Of Individuals

All-male unit (AMU):Some males who have no chance to reproduce are assemble a social unit. It is an important part of the polygamy primate social structure. Golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) includes OMUs (one-male unit) and AMU(all-male unit). The social organization and maintain impetus researches are focused on OMUs, but a few researches about AMU. In order to explore social structure, forming reason, association and the hierarchy relationship between individuals of all male unit in golden snub-nosed monkeys. So this study that the first time on the basis of individual recognition, look Golden snub-nosed monkey all male group as the object. This study is from November2011to May2013, which includes four period of observation, total effective observation is185days and800hours. Using focal animal sampling and all occurrence recording behavior data. Results show that every observation the AMU had stable in about20to25male individuals. Meanwhile, it has several different size of sub-units, sub-units are belonging to the all male unit branch, so all male unit is become a bilayer social structure which is similar to breeding group. The form of sub-group usually is not fixed, adult (M)(37%), adult-subadult (M-S)(29%) and adult-subadult-juvenile (M-S-J)(19%) has the highest percentage of this type. The association of individuals, adult male have a high strength association. The association intensity in the adult male, juvenile male and the adult-juvenile males is low. This observed males immigration were16cases (1.6/month) and emigration were12cases (1.2/month), the adult male as the main part for total migration (65%). Also observed seven cases male replacement (the new family establishment), including five times male are directed replacement, one time male attracted females, one time is unknown. Observation are total collected21males individuals aggressive and submissive behaviors, the aggressive is2194times and submissive2192times. Threatening (80%) and avoiding (97%) are respectively highest percentage of aggressive and submissive behaviors. The hierarchical steepness was calculated with aggressive and submissive data. The hierarchical steepness K value is0.742which indicates that hierarchical among individuals is strict. This study in order to have a preliminary understanding to all male unit, for a more comprehensive reveals the golden snub-nosed monkey group structure and stable mechanism of the all male unit research to provided certain theoretical basis.