Phylogenetic Relationship And The Formation Of Subgroups Of Rhinopithecus Roxellana

The nonhuman primates form a stable affiliate throng genetic relationship、dominance、 mating system. Snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxelland) in Qinling Mountains belong to the social of polygamy. All- male unit (AMU) has no chance of breeding community.this study conducted based on the identify recognition of all male unit.we recorded grooming behavior, proximity behavior, aggressive and submissive behavior from date of Wang rongtao to obtain male-male affiliation and the composition of cliquishness using by Socprog 2.1 and Netdraw 1.0 Using 19 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and capillary electrophoresis method genotype 21 individual in all male unit. POLYRELATEDNESS V1.4 software calculate the relationship between 21 individuals. We analysis the relationship between kinship、age、dominance and affiliation by Higher-order Partial Mantel Tests (HPMT). Found that the cliquishness were present kinship based division (P<0.05). Dominance and age does not impact on affiliation in all male unit (age P=0.080; P=0.084).AMU composite three stable cliquishness(Modularity of this arrangement is 0.337).individuals among same subgroups have stronger association than individuals between different subgroups. pairwise relatedness significantly correlated with cliquishness. Individuals among same subgroups have close kinship than individuals between different subgroups. Dominance and age class correlated with cliquishness (Dominance:P=0.116; age:P=0.070).AMU is a modest and strict hierarchical group (dominance steepness K=0.7438) age significantly correlated with dominance. This study illustrates the Multilevel society (MLS) in all male unit and has hierarchy.AMU has social structure (upper of AMU and lower of subgroup).we analysis the reason of cliquishness by HPMT. This method provides reference for the study of primate in the future.