The Research On The Human Skeletal Remains From Jinmaoyuan Cemetery In Datong,Shanxi

Jinmaoyuan cemetery is located in Datong,Shanxi Province.Excavations were carried out in 2016 to explore 67 tombs of the Northern Wei Dynasty,and 82 human bone specimens were excavated.It belongs to the southern suburb cemetery area,and the cemetery was used in the Pingcheng Period of the Northern Wei Dynasty(AD398-494).The study of its human bone materials can further understand the communication between different people and cultures in Datong area.The human bone specimens excavated from the cemetery are from the Pingcheng Period of the Northern Wei Dynasty under the background of great ethnic integration.After Tuoba Xianbei migrated to the south and entered the Central Plains,a large number of people migrated and flowed.At this time,Pingcheng Xianbei culture,Han culture and other cultures gathered together,and the communication between people from different regions was gradually strengthened.The author observes and studies the human bones unearthed from Jinmaoyuan cemetery,mainly from the aspects of demography,palaeo-pathology,limb bone development,skull morphology and other aspects of physical anthropology research,further understand the living habits,diet structure and behavior pattern of the ancient residents of Jinmaoyuan cemetery.The emphasis is on the study of ethnic types through the skull morphological characteristics to try to understand the origin and flow of the population in this area.The full text is divided into seven chapters.Chapter ? IntroductionThis chapter mainly introduces the geographical location,natural environment and historical background of Jinmaoyuan Cemetery,reviews and sort out relevant researches in Datong area,and explains the research purpose and significance of this paper.Chapter ? Demographic AnalysisThis chapter first introduces the identification methods of gender and age,and then carries on gender and age identification and demographic statistics of the human bones in Jinmaoyuan cemetery.On this basis,it discusses the average age of death,life expectancy and sex ratio of human bones in Jinmaoyuan cemetery.It was found that the peak of death in Jinmaoyuan cemetery was middle age,and the sex ratio in middle and old age was more balanced.The average age of bone death in Jinmaoyuan group was 34.66 years old,and the average age of bone death for male and female was 34.88 and 33.30 years old,respectively.The average life expectancy of the ancient residents of Jinmao Garden cemetery was 45.72 years,and the average life expectancy of men and women was 36.77 years and 33.30 years,respectively.The average age of death and life expectancy of male residents are higher than that of female residents.Chapter III Study of Limb Bone DevelopmentIn this chapter,we use the measured data of humerus,femur and tibia to calculate and analyze the development,height and body weight of human bones in Jinmaoyuan group.The results showed that males in Jinmaoyuan group were stronger than females in each limb bone development index.The height calculation results show that the average height of men is about 163.33--164.77cm,and the average height of women is about 150.48--155.93cm.The body weight calculation results show that the average body weight of men is about 65.37-70.13kg,and the average body weight of women is about 54.28-60.25kg.Chapter ? Paleopathology ResearchIn this chapter,we use the means of palaeopathology to analyze the injuries,bone diseases and oral diseases of human bones in Jinmaoyuan group.The trauma is mainly manifested in fracture,and the serious fracture reflects that the people in Jinmao Garden may have horseback riding behavior.Skeletal diseases such as lumbar sacral vertebrae,arthritis and fungal infections were found.Oral diseases are found to include dental caries,apical abscesses,hypoplasia of the enamel,and periodontitis.The pathological phenomenon of Jinmaoyuan group seems to indicate that the Jinmaoyuan population may be engaged in the livelihood of mixed farming and animal husbandry.Chapter V Study on Morphological Features of SkullIn this chapter,we observed and counted the non-measured and measured characteristics of the skulls of Jinmaoyuan Group,and all the physical characteristics belong to the category of Asian Mon golians.Although there are some differences among individual s in morphological observation,the phylogenetic purity test shows that Jinmaoyuan cemetery residents belong to the same population.This shows that the ancient residents of Jinmaoyuan may have been influenced by the ethnic fusion in the period of Pingcheng in the Northern Wei Dynasty,and their physical characteristics changed slightly,but there was no difference in adult species.Chapter ? Studies on Species Types and RelationshipsIn this chapter,the data of the ancient residents of Jinmaoyuan were compared with the modern Asian Mongolian race,the modern Asian Mongolian race and the related ancient comparison group,and the root mean square between groups,the Euclidean distance coefficient and cluster analysis,principal component analysis and other methods were used to discuss the species type and origin of the ancient residents of Jinmaoyuan cemetery.The analysis results show that the Jinmaoyuan group population should be close to the earlier indigenous people in Datong,and the ethnic types of these indigenous people is close to the ancient groups in the Central Plain,and the main component is the East Asian type of the modern Asian Mongolian race.As for the relatively large individual variation in Jinmaoyuan Formation,it should be influenced by Xianbei population,which shows the historical process of multi-ethnic integration in Datong area.Chapter ? ConclusionSummarize the contents of the first six chapters.