Avian Community In Autumn And Habitat Distribution Of Bulbuls In Meihuashan National Nature Reserve

Subtropical forest distributed in China is the largest around the world, which has rich biodiversity. However, a lot of farmland instead of virgin forest distributed in this forest zone owing to long history human being activity resulting in a disturbed forest landscape. We selected three kinds of habitat, farmland, ecological garden of Chinese yew and evergreen broad-leaved forest, which showed different disturbance level, and researched bird community and habitat distribution of Pycnonotidae in autumn in Meihuashan National Nature Reserve from October to December in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The results are as follows:Sixty-eight bird species were recorded, belonging to 6 orders and 25 families,containing 15 species of winter migrants(22.1%), 48 species of residents(70.6%), 2 species of passage visitors(2.9%) and 3 species of summer migrants(4.4%). It included 19 families and 55 species of Passeriformes, 80.9% of Passeriformes and 19.1% of non-Passeriformes.8 species of birds were protected as national second class. As the bird number, it included 1 dominant species, 20 common species, 32 companion species and 13 rare species.We recorded 26 species of birds in the farmland, 34 species of birds in the ecological garden of Chinese yew and 42 species of birds in the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The community diversity analysis showed that all three indexes, Shannon-Weiner(1.469), Simpson(0.738) and Pielou diversity(0.786) were the maximum in evergreen broad-leaved forest. Birds could be divided into six groups according to feeding matrix, such as space, plant leaves-layer, plant trunk, plant crude-branch, plant twig-branch and ground, as same as the results of Two-way Cluster Analysis.The birds of Pycnonotidae are representative species in Subtropical forest, we recorded 7 species of resident birds. The distribution of birds were different in the three habitats, Spizixos semitorques, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Pycnonotus sinensis and Pycnonotus jocosus tended to distribute in the farmland, Hypsipetes leucocephalus tended to distribute in the ecological garden of yew, Hemixos castanonotus and Hypsipetes mcclellandii tended to distribute in the evergreen broad-leaved forest.Principal Components Analysis of 13 ecological factors of birds of Pycnonotidae showed that: the largest influence ecological factors of Pycnonotus sinensis distribution were tree species, tree quantity et al., the largest influence ecological factors of Hypsipetes leucocephalus distribution were shrub species, shrub quantity et al., the largest influence ecological factors of Spizixos semitorques distribution were tree quantity, tree cover et al., the largest influence ecological factors of Pycnonotus aurigaster distribution were tree species, tree quantity, tree cover et al., the largest influence ecological factors of Hemixos castanonotus distribution were tree species, tree quantity et al., the largest influence ecological factors of Hypsipetes mcclellandii distribution were tree species, tree quantity et al. The niche width of birds of Pycnonotidae could be ordered as Spizixos semitorques, Pycnonotus sinensis, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Hemixos castanonotus, Hypsipetes leucocephalus, Hypsipetes mcclellandii, Pycnonotus jocosus from high to low.