Study On The Bird Community Of Fangcheng Golden Camellia National Nature Reserve,Guangxi, Chaina

Studies on bird community ecology began in the nineteen fifties, and it has become an important component of avian ecology. The bird is an indicator of the ecological environments, and studies on bird community will contribute to the ecological environmental quality assessment. From2011November to2012September, researches of bird species and community structure of Fangcheng Golden Camellia National Nature Reserve were carried out. The latest bird list was put forward. Forest gap ecology is an important study field but did not cause enough attention, and through the response of birds to forest gap, the factors forest gap affect bird diversity was pointed out, which was to provide the basis for the restoration and management of National Nature Reserve, study on forest gap is an innovative point of this article.(1) Birds in Fangcheng Golden Camellia National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, were recorded by Line transect method, point counted method and mist net method in the early and mid19th century, November2011to September2012. A total of219species of birds were recorded, belonging to15orders and48families, containing124residents,36summer migrants,46winter migrants, are13passage visitors. The avifauna analysis showed birds in the Reserve belonged to typical Southern China District Department characteristics and remarkable North tropical characteristics.29species were nationally protected and4species were listed in IUCN as the globally threatened species. The Reserve locates in the Sino-Vietnam biota which is one of the global hotspots of biodiversity, so species investigation has extremely important significance. Bird conservation and Reverse protection and construction can be improved from some views in this article.(2) This paper summarizes the research status of forest gap, and pointed out forest gap characteristics, dynamic and update, forest gap interference, species diversity and reaction of vertebrates to forest gap are the main contents of the research. And the forest gap model and theory development process is divided into three periods:The embryonic stage (1945～1972), the rapid development stage (1972～1990) and improving stage(1990～present). This paper emphasizes that forest gap density in measurement of forest gap and forest dynamic and relationship between vertebrates plays an important role, It have related also have different with forest gap area. There are few reports on relationship of forest gap and vertebrates, we suggest domestic research direction should be forest gap with vertebrates, especially research on birds, Combined with forest gap in plants, invertebrates, other vertebrates. Subsequently we can do research integrity, In order to promote our country forest gap ecology and the development of biodiversity research.(3) The response characteristics of birds to forest gap was studied in north tropical monsoon forest southwestern China, and the correlation of habitat characteristics and the bird community was analysised by CCA(canonical correlation analysis). Results show:the number of birds heavily relies on the tree height, Bird diversity was inclined to the overall amount of average coverage and trees and fruit plant richness sequence shaft, Uniformity was inclined to the average diameter at breast height sequence shaft, the dominance heavily relies on average height of shrub. In addition, habitat analysis by using PCA(Principal Component Analysis) showed:X(X represents the bird species recorded in the sample plot)≤7samples show that the overall average coverage, average tree height, bare land ratio, fruit abundance and shrub with an average height were important factors influencing the diversity of birds.7<X<12samples show that The average tree height, average diameter at breast height of tree, shrub height, average tree numbers and species were the important factors influencing the diversity of birds. X≥12samples show that the average tree height, average diameter at breast height of tree, tree numbers and species were the important factors influencing the diversity of birds.(4) Although forest gap ecology is an important field of study, research remains limited. By plot setting and point counted observation, the response of birds to forest gaps in winter as well as bird distribution patterns in forest gaps and intact canopies were studied in a north tropical monsoon forest of southwestern China from November2011to February2012in the Fangcheng Golden Camellia National Nature Reserve, Guangxi. The regression equation of bird species diversity to habitat factor was Y1=0.611+0.002X13+0.043X2+0.002X5-0.003X8+0.006X10+0.008X1and the regression equation of bird species dominance index to habitat factor was Y3=0.533+0.001X13+0.019X2+0.002X3-0.017X4+0.002X1. There were45bird species (2orders and13families) recorded in the forest gap, accounting for84.9%of all birds (n=45), with an average of9.6species (range:2-22). Thirty-nine bird species (5orders and14families) were recorded in non-gap areas, accounting for73.6%of all birds (n=39), with an average of5.3species (range:1～12). These results suggested that gap size, arbor average height (10m from gap margin), arbor quantity (10m from gap margin), shrub quantity (10m from gap margin), herbal average coverage (1m from gap margin) and bare land ratio were the key forest gap factors that influenced bird diversities. On the whole, bird diversity in the forest gap was greater than in the intact canopy. Spatial distributions in the forest gaps were also observed in the bird community. Most birds foraged in the "middle" and "canopy" layers in the vertical stratification. In addition,"nearly from" and "close from" contained more birds in relation to horizontal stratification. Feeding niche differentiation was suggested as the main reason for these distribution patterns.