The Study Of Birds Community Structure And Species Diversity In An?xi Extremely Arid Desert National Nature Reserve

An?xi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve(Here in after referred to as the An?xi Reserves)is located in the county of GuaZhou, Jiu Quan, GanSu province, which is the only multi-functional comprehensive nature reserve aiming at protecting ecosystem and biodiversity of the extremely arid desert. Special ecosystem and climate environment produced a significant portion of the suitable for the xerophytes and wetland bird resources.As an important ecological sector in our country, An?xi reserves, its research about bird diversity is rare. Liu Naifa conducted two scientific research about the reserve in 1988~1989,1989~2004 and studied the diversity of bird resource in An?xi reserves. Due to climate change gradually in the recent ten years, some changes of habitat have also taken place in An?xi reserves leading to spatial scales of birds changed a little. In order to make out the status of bird diversity in An?xi reserves further more, I made investigation and research in detail about birds resources and bird community structure in four different habitats and in four seasons in2012 and 2014 during the second national terrestrial wildlife resources survey of the work of the State Forestry Administration. The main results are as follows:1. Using line transect method and sample point method, 108 kinds of birds, belonging to71 classes, 28 families and 15 orders were investigated. According to the residence type, the reserves has 65 kinds of resident birds, accounting for 60.2% of the total number of species in the survey; 27 kinds of summer visitors species, 25% of the total number of species; 11 kinds of winter visitors species, 10.2 percent of the total number of species; 5 kinds of migrants species species, accounting for 4.6% in the total number of species protection. Therefore,Resident species is the main kinds of birds. According to fauna, the reserves has 84 kinds of Eurytopic species, 23 kinds of Palaearctic realm species, 1 kind of Oriental realm specie. One kind of Oriental, accounting for 77.8%, 21.3%, 0.9% of the total number of species surveys.2. Among the 108 kinds of birds in An?xi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve,there are two kinds of birds, that belong to First Category of State key protected Wildlife List,accounting for 1.9% of the total number of species in the survey; 16 species of birds, that belong to Second Category of State key protected Wildlife List, accounting for 14.8% of the total survey. Only Mongolian Ground-Jay(Podoces hendersoni) is Chinese endemic birds. 17 species were enrolled in the list of CITES pendix II, accounting for 15.7% of the total survey.There are five kinds of species belong to Near Threatened(NT) as endangered status IUCN is listed, accounting for 4.6%.3. According to the type of habitat in An?xi, the birds were divided into four residential communities bird communities, Desert and grassland bird communities, Forest & bush bird communities, Wetland bird communities, Farmland-Village bird communities.Shannon-Weinner index analyzes the diversity of its community; Pielou evenness index is calculated using the evenness of the communities of species; with Simpson index analyzes the advantages of the community. The results showed that species diversity differences between the different habitats is significant; index of community diversity and dominance of Forest & bush bird communities is the highest, index of evenness of Wetland bird communities is the highest.4. G-F index was used in analysis of family or class of birds. Analysis showed that,Farmland-Village bird communities' index of G-F is the highest. both the G indexs and F indexs of Forest & bush bird communities are the highest.5. Using the Smith similarity value to make similar comparisons, and make cluster analysis, The results showed that, similarity between Forest & bush bird communities and Farmland-Village bird communities is the highest. cluster analysis showed that at first the two went into one group, which is consistent with the results of Smith similarity value.6. Bird community characteristics were analyzed in Spring, summer, autumn, and winter, we found that, index of community diversity was the highest in autumn, index of community diversity in summer took second place, and index of community diversity in winter was the lowest.7. Index of F, G and G-F of bird community, in autumn were all the highest, what's more it was quite different from indexs in the other three seasons.8. Based on this investigation and research, We analyzed the current major threat to An?xi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve were as follows: Grazing disturbance,fall of the water level, Illegal hunting and poisoning of waterfowl, anthropogenic interference with the tourism industry, and so on, also made a number of targeted protection suggestions.