| Biological control is a method that uses biology or its metabolites to control harmful organisms, including the use of traditional natural enemies and the use of insect sterile, insect hormones and pheromone in recent years. Biological control make the natural enemies to be effectively protected, and further reduce the amount of chemical pesticides, and achieved good economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits.In 2016, the No.1 Central Document proposed to accelerate governance of the agricultural environment outstanding issues, and implement the zero growth action to fertilizer and pesticide action. It is show that biological control has been highly valued by the Chinese government. At present, the commonly used biological control methods mainly include insect pest control, microbial metabolic products pest control and so on, but there are few studies on the pest control by bird. This study selecting site behind the No. 1 building in the Shandong Agricultural University north campus and arboretum of plant protection station in the Shandong Agricultural University south campus for observation point to observe bird resources, selecting the dominant species of birds — Cyanopica cyana as the research object, by recording the Cyanopica cyana feeding and activity regularity at different time and different climatic conditions, in order to provide theoretical support for bird resources survey, evaluation of beneficial species and domestication Cyanopica cyana. The main results are as follows:1. The survey of bird species in the two campus of Shandong Agricultural University composed, observed 23 kinds of birds, belonging to 5 orders, 12 families. Among them, there are 16 residents, 7 travelers, 2 summer migrant species, 3 winter migrant species, accounting for 57%, 25%, 7% and 11%, respectively.2. The survey of bird species in the north campus of Shandong Agricultural University composed, observed 9 kinds of birds, belonging to 3 orders, 7 families. Among them, the Passeriformes is the largest with 7 species, 5 families, accounting for 77.78%. The following are Cuculiformes with 1 families and 1 species, Columbiformes with 1 families and 1 species. The Cyanopica cyana and Passer montanus are the dominant species.3. The survey of bird species in the south campus plant protection station of Shandong Agricultural University composed, observed 22 kinds of birds, belonging to 5 orders, 12 families. Among them, the Passeriformes is the largest with 8 species, 17 families, accounting for 77.27%. The following are Columbiformes with 1 families and 2 species, Galliformes with 1 families and 1 species, Coraciiformes with 1 families and 1 species, Cuculiformes with 1 families and 1 species. The Cyanopica cyana, Pica pica and Passer montanus are the dominant species.4. Through the observation and the statistics, the Cyanopica cyana day feeding law in the north campus as follows: form March to April, the number of feeding birds at 6:20-7:20 and at 16:30-17:30 are significantly higher than at 10:00-11:00 and 14:00-15:00. Thereafter, form May to September, the number of feeding birds decreased, but the feeding time increased. After October, the number of feeding birds gradually increased, but at 6:20-7:20, after mid-December, the number of feeding birds is essentially 0.5. Through the observation and statistics, the Cyanopica cyana month feeding law in the north campus as follows: form January to April, the mean number of Cyanopica cyana and the mean length of feeding time are gradually increased, the mean number of feeding up to 24.48. From May to August, the mean number of Cyanopica cyana significantly reduced, the lowest monthly in July, only 9.58, but feeding time gradually increased to the highest in June, the highest mean length of feeding time is 38.31 minutes.6. Through the observation and the statistics, the Cyanopica cyana day feeding law in the south campus as follows: the plant protection station is a new feeding station, but the Cyanopica cyana accustomed to the feeding after seven days at 10:00-11:00. Since then, the number of feeding birds and the length of feeding time increased, but the number of feeding birds reduce form June to July, which almost zero at 10:00-11:00 and 14:10-15:10. After August, the feeding birds gradually increased, especially after October, the number of feeding birds significantly increased at 10:00-11:00 and 14:10-15:10 compared to the other time periods.7. Through the observation and statistics, the Cyanopica cyana month feeding law in the Plant Protection Station of the south campus as follows: the mean number of feeding birds also follow the trend that first increase and then decrease and then increase, but the feeding time increased with the increase of the feeding number. The mean number of birds which reached the highest value in March, the highest average up to 7.23, while the mean length of feeding time is 18.78 minutes. The mean number of birds which reached the least value in July, the average is 3.33, while the mean minimum feeding length is 4.86 minutes.Through point count method, founding that when sprinkle dry Tenebrio molitor L., the Cyanopica cyana immediately to feeding after feeding long time at fixed-point. The number of insects increase in 6-7 months, when using dry Tenebrio molitor L. attracted Cyanopica cyana, the Cyanopica cyana feeding time close to one hour, feeding time much larger than using only dry Tenebrio molitor L. in the other periods. It is indicate that after successfully attract Cyanopica cyana, which has the ability to feeding pests in this area. Therefore, it is has the feasibility of domestication Cyanopica cyana to pest control. |
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