| Water birds are indicators of a healthy wetland ecosystem,It has been affected more and more by human activities recently.The research,which focuses on environmental suitability change of its habitat in the nature conservative area,may help restore the wetland to some extent.In this paper,we determined the proportion of each factor that may affect the habitat of water bird through the Analytic Hierarchy Process and established an index model for its habitat suitability.According to TM remote sensing images and historical data,we calculated the habitat suitability index(HSI)of the Shengjinhu National Nature Reserve in five different years,between 1986 and 2011.Besides,we analyzed the suitability change of its habitat after the establishment of the natural reserve,combined with the habitat suitability classification map using GIS spatial analysis.It predicted the area of all kinds of important future water birds' habitat suitability change trend and puts forward to the reserve to maintain water bird species and quantity of habitat protection and restoration of advice provides the basis.The results showed that:(1)In this study area,water birds' habitat suitability index of the highest areas mainly in shallow lakes and rivers with vegetation coverage,fisheries aquaculture area,away from roads and settlement,without artificial interference.Close distance of paddy field and shallow,but far away from human disturbance area suitable for waterfowl habitat area.From the main road,such as highway,state road and county roads,and other areas close to in addition to the human activity is frequent,noise and light pollution to water birds' habitat also brought a lot of damage,so the reserve of the north and west of water birds' habitat suitability index was low.Roads and residential areas populated area,as well as the buffer zone belonged to water birds' habitat area of the inappropriate.(2)In the waters of the golden lake,the southwest lake of aquatic plants were widely distributed,more ample resources;the northeast lake area was small,also had its share of aquaculture farmers set up a large number of purse Seine,heavy damages to aquatic plant resources;the middle lake area due to the busy traffic to waterfowl had brought a lot of interference.In addition,the submerged plant was the dominant species of bamboo leaves pondweed with bitter grass as a proportion of the aquatic plants in the lake district reducedyear by year,these caused the significant influence to the change of water birds' habitat.(3)Looking from the general trend,the Shengjin lake area in 1986 to build reserves after few years water birds' habitat suitability of relatively stable,but there were still evident in the fall;In the late 1990 s,the region water birds' habitat suitability was very significantly worse,until 2000 before anyone had a modest rebound.One of the most suitable area fell by 39.41%,suitable area decreased by 41.34%,but the appropriate area increased by 231.71%,not appropriate area rose by 306.15%,a significant reduction in the overall level of water birds' habitat is.In addition,water birds' habitat suitability of the best areas by flake dispersed gradually gathered into a small range,appropriate area and migration in the experimental area and buffer to core in the process of significantly reduced.In recent years,the government and the reserve to implement a series of restoration and protection measures had some positive effects,water birds' habitat protected areas had a rising trend.It should continue to intensify the management of protected areas,actively grazing ban,returning farmland to forest,fishing for reclaimation,etc,to protect and repair the wetland ecosystem,species diversity and ecological environment,insist on sustainable development,to achieve symbiosis and harmony between human and nature. |
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