Study On The Transfer Of Chinese Rural Labor And The Alleviate Problem Of Labor Shortage

The transfer of rural surplus labor is a long-term and complex process, which can be influenced by political, social economic and other factors. In different periods, the trend of labor transfer will occur in different situations. Since the reform and opening policy, along with our country economic system reform, the transfer of rural labor has made a great achievement, and formed as spectacular phenomenon of the tide of "migrant labors" in last century. Rural labor transfer is the inevitable trend of industrialization, is the inevitable requirement for developing social economy, also is the key to solve the "three rural issues" However, in late 2003, a shortage of migrant workers unexpectedly emerged in China, a country used to boast an inexhaustible supply of labor force. "labor Shortage" phenomenon has brought important influence on social stability and economic development. Therefore, it is a necessary and urgent problem for the current economic and social development to study the current situation of Chinese rural labor transfer and "labor shortage", to explore the causes of the "labor shortage" and find out the measures to solve the employment gap in economic development.Firstly, it analyzes the employment situation of China’s migrant workers, then describes the basic situation and structure characteristics of "labor shortage". Then it estimates the number of rural surplus labor, gets that there are at least 130 million surplus labor to be transferred, "labor shortage" is not because of absolute reduction in labor, it is the final image of the intensification of the imbalance supply and demand of labor market and employment structural contradictions. From the micro level, the new generation of migrant workers become the main force of China’s migrant workers, has changed the concept of employment; the low wages and slow growth of migrant workers, increased the cost of living in city;the change of relative income reducing the enthusiasm of rural labor transfer; migrant workers are forced to return home because of the harsh working environment and inadequate social security. From the macro level analysis, the unbalance structure of demographic leads to effective labor supply growth slowed; the structural contradiction between supply and demand in the labor market leads to the phenomenon of employment and business recruitment difficulties coexist; the change situation of economic development leads to the diversification flow of migrant workers, exacerbating the "labor shortage".Then build a multivariate linear regression model to analyze the impact factors of rural labor transfer in the background of the "labor Shortage", the empirical results show that:the rural human capital and labor market segmentation are the main factors that affect rural labor transfer. Based on the above conclusions, proposed the following policy suggestions to promote the rural labor transfer and ease the "labor Shortage" problem:solve the practical problems of urban migrant workers to promote rural labor transfer; increase the investment of human capital in rural areas to realize the sustainable transfer of labor force:deepen the reform of the household registration institution and establish a unified labor market between urban and rural:adjust the industrial lavout to effective using labor resources.