| Prior to2003, the flow direction of China’s rural labor force mainly on the groundsof the central and western rural areas to the east of the Pearl River Delta and YangtzeRiver Delta urban areas in coastal areas, and the movement is increasing year by year,called "The tide of migrant worker "; During this time, the supply of migrant workers isfar greater than demand, the shortage of cheap labor, mostly for structural andtemporary shortages. However, since the spring of2004, the Pearl River Delta region asthe representative of traditional rural labor force into the emergence of large-scaleshortage of migrant workers, and year by year become serious shortage, known as the "The shortage of migrant worker " phenomenon.The supply of rural labor from "The tide of migrant worker " to the " The shortageof migrant worker " has had a huge impact on all aspects of China’s economic and socialdevelopment. The one hand, rely on cheap labor to achieve international competitiveadvantage in labor-intensive industry will be challenged, but also means that ourcountry have long relied on to invest resources to achieve rapid economic extensivedevelopment of the end of the way; the other hand, the shortage of migrant workers"means that labor costs rise, the rise of labor costs will be" reversed "the eastern part ofthe labor-intensive enterprises and government industrial structure upgrading orindustrial zone transfer, so that the" labor shortage "phenomenon is also China’seconomic structural upgrading and balanced development of regional economicopportunities." The shortage of migrant worker " phenomenon has multiple reasons. At the microlevel, the traditional labor workers in low income and slow growth in employmententerprise and the area is often ignored or prejudice to the rights of migrant workers arrears for migrant rural workers’ wages, poor working conditions, employment andlife of various forms of discrimination and the inflow of migrant workers rightsdifficulties artificially increase the liquidity costs of migrant workers; the macro level,the central government since2000, The Central Government have implemented the " Thedevelopment of the western ","revitalizing the northeast old industrial base","Rise ofCentral China" and other support regional economic development strategy of westernregion, After2003, the Central Government for introduction of "One" to supportdevelopment in rural areas, the implementation of these national policies to promote thebalanced development of our regional and rural incomes, also makes certain changes inthe flow of surplus rural labor, and increase the "opportunity cost" of migrant workersmigrant workers; on the institutional level, China’s strict household registration systemand a variety of household registration for the core set of social security system isimpede the flow of migrant workers one of the deep-seated reasons; at the policy level,the implementation of the "family planning" national policy to reduce our populationpressure has made great achievements, but also makes the reproduction of ourpopulation by the human damage, leading into an aging society of speed, the shortage ofyoung migrant workers.We want to " The shortage of migrant worker " of the adverse impact of China’seconomic transformation favorable factors, the need to improve the treatment of migrantworkers, to protect the rights of migrant workers, reduce the cost of liquidity, improvethe efficiency of agricultural production in order to release more surplus rural labor,labor-intensive enterprises to change their mode of development or transfer of industryto improve profitability and competitiveness; government to promote it from the policylevel and the use of legislative and other measures to promote the flow of migrantworkers, industrial upgrading and balanced regional development and improvingpopulation reproduction. In other words, to solve the problem of the "labor shortage"requires the joint efforts of all levels of society and to take comprehensive measures to be addressed. |
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