Japan’s Social Care Insurance System And Its Enlightenment To China

With China’s aging population, aging and the empty nest aggravating, there are more and more disabled elderly people and loss of half of the elderly.Therefore, facing the increasingly serious the problem of elderly care, studies the experience of developed countries which deal with the elderly nursing risk, to resolve the problem of elderly care in our country is undoubtedly necessary. In recent years, some developed countries executed the form of business care insurance and social care insurance to deal with the risk of elderly care, and achieved good results in the actual operation. Among them, the United States is the representative country of commercial nursing insurance, Germany and Japan are the representative countries of social care insurance. In view of this, this article takes Japanese social care insurance system as the research object,uses the literature review method and the comparative analysis method, hoped that through the research this system implements the experience and the lesson, for our country to solve the problem of the old people’s nursing, and even to establish and develop the nursing insurance system to provide useful reference.This paper has the following five aspects:(1)Systematically expounds the background of the establishment of Japan’s social care insurance system from economic, social, political and historical dimensions.Analysis found that reasons for the establishment of Japan’s social insurance system were the economic downturn, the socio-demographic structure changes, flawed political game of the ruling party as well as the existing elderly care policies.(2)Presents the top level design of Japan’s social insurance system from the system design idea, system design target and the insurer, the insured, the insurance payment, the service provision, the fund source and the concrete system structure, then summarizes the basic characteristics of the system.(3)Explores the trend of reform of Japan’s social insurance system, the implementation effect and the challenge. This system has been described in detail in the four reform after entering into twenty-first Century. The analysis shows that Japan’s social insurance system is changing from passive to active prevention, and actively build community nursing system, at the same time, facing the surge of nursing demand, insurance payment pressure and lack of nursing staff three major problems, if not to reform and perfect, it is difficult to achieve sustainable development.(4)Summarizes the experiences and lessons of Japan’s social care insurance system from the aspects of system design, system operation and system reform. We think that Japan’s social insurance system design concept, influenced by the western social contract theory, market mechanism and welfare pluralism three theories from system design inspiration.(5)Through the establishment of social care insurance, the necessity and feasibility of the analysis, we believe that although China has already had the implementation of the relevant conditions of the insurance system, due to the economic development is not balanced, we should carry out the proposed pilot first, and then promote to all of the country. On the basis of referring to the experience and lessons of Japan’s social care insurance system, this paper designs a preliminary design of China’s social insurance system combining with China’s national conditions, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to construct China’s social care insurance system.