| Under the impact of economic globalization, every government is thinking howto make the country’s industry embedded in global production network, how toimprove the position of country’s industry in global value chain and how to achievehigher benefits in international trade. Textile industry as one of the traditionalindustries has already a relatively complete system of value chain. How to measure acountry’s position in the global value chain matters that a country will adopt whatkind of industry development strategy. In recent years, the Southeast Asian countries,led by China, India, Vietnam, export a large number of textile products each year. In2012, China’s exports of textiles and clothing were255.064billion, accounting forabout36.1%of the world’s total exports. While the huge total exports are notconsistent with the trade revenues, textile exporters such as China and India are stillat the low end in the value chain.Based on this phenomenon, this article analyzes the situation of trade of textileindustry in detail, and then uses the export complexity proposed by Hausmann et al(2005) as a measure of a country’s position in the value chain to measure the textileindustry of the46samples from2001to2012in the position in global value chain.Comparing the export trade volume with the ranking of the value chain position, wefound that China, India, Vietnam, achieves the top ten with the export trade, but rankafter30with the value chain position; Italy, Germany, the United States not onlyexport a large number of textile products but also control the global value chain link,which get the high status in the value chain. This paper discusses the theorymechanism of dynamic evolution of textile industry value chain. By drawing fromthe value chain reconstruction theory built by Richard Baldwin (2010) as well as aseries of assumptions and strict mathematical deduction, the article get each link ofthe textile industry value chain and the optimal production under the global valuechain in minimizing the total cost. Theoretical study shows that by using thecomparative advantage of each country, reasonable selection of raw materialsproducing, processing, controlling the transportation cost, every country can achievethe best production anchor point. According to the dynamic evolution of textileindustry value chain theory, the empirical part of this paper further studies the influential factors to the dynamic evolution of global value chain as well as theevolution of value chain position in developed countries and developing countriesrespectively.At the end, the paper gets the following conclusions: First, the total exports arehuge in a large number of developing countries and the growth is significantly fasterthan the developed countries, the technology content of exports also rose, while theoverall technical content is not high and export is still given priority to processingtrade which is at the low end of the link in global value chain. Second, the textileexport growth of developed countries is slowing that have been in the trade deficitstate, but the textile industry of developed countries gets the high overall exportscomplexity, ranks highly in the value chain as well as gains the higher trade income.At the meanwhile, the gap with export complexity between developed countries anddeveloping countries is shrinking. Third, labor productivity, physical capital andcommunication are significantly important factors of improving the value chainstatus, of which the labor productivity contributes to improving the status of thevalue chain mostly. Fourth, the export technology content of the textile products indeveloped countries is high, ranks at the high-end link in the value chain, the mainpower of which comes from the strong innovation ability. Fifth, FDI has a significantimpact to the textile industry in developed countries and developing countries, butthe quality of foreign capital introduced by developed countries is higher and thedigestion and absorption capacity is faster. |
PDF Full Text Request