Research On Spatial-temporal Change Characteristics Of Rural Settlement In Mu Danjiang City

With the rapid development of economy in our country,the step of urbanization is becoming more and more quickly.Due to the restriction of the urban and rural duality system in our country,land supply and demand contradictions are showed in different places on a different degree.In our country,the focus of land use is mainly distributed in the cities,but for rural areas,the management and guide are missing. a large number of farmers move to urban to look for work.But affected by the household registration system and other factors,it’s extremely hard for them to Integrated into the urban life.All of these lead to a deeper contradiction between the urban and rural area and bifurcation become well intensify. Therefore,pay more attention to rural area,especially rural area and improve the living condition of the residents,which have a big impact on reducing the distance between urban and rural areas and solving the "three agricultural problems".In the paper,taking Mu Danjiang as the research area,use the Spatial analysis of GIS and other method, do the research in time and space about the Spatial-Temporal distribution characteristics of rural settlement in Mu Danjiang area from 1976 to 2013,and analysis the dynamic change of rural settlement. According to the results to Establish evaluation index system of the integrated development of the rural settlements strength to judge whether the layout of rural settlement is reasonable in Mu Danjiang.It should be solved and given the suggestions if the layout exist any unreasonable phenomenon in order to polish the living environment of rural,improve the use efficiency of rural land,guide the development of rural settlement towards to ordering and intensive.Finally,make efforts to built a new socialist rural construction.(1) Most of the rural settlement are in the altitude of 200-400 m,and the proportion of rural settlement area are more than 70%;With the increase of the altitude,the area of the rural settlement are decreasing gradually.When the altitude is 500 m,the area of rural Settlement is reduced to the minimum.In each period,the area of rural settlement incremental larger mainly in Ning An and Hai Lin,the center and southwestern of Lin Kou,and northern and north eastern Mu Ling.(2) The area of the rural settlement in the slop of 0-3 ° is the largest,about half of the total area.The area in the slop 0-6 ° are more than 80%.It shows that the slop about 0-6 ° are Suitable for human production and life.(3) There are most of the rural settlement in Mu Danjiang are near the river(<2km),more than65%.With the increase of distance,the number and the area of rural settlements are reduced.At the beginning of the study,the number and the area of rural settlements is the least,but the proportion isthe most;At the end of the study,on the contrary,he number and the area of rural settlements is the most,the proportion is the least.(4) In different traffic,the more then distance of the road is,the small area of rural settlements are.When the buffer distance is 10 km,the distribution of rural settlements in Mu Danjiang is concentrated,the proportion of the total area is more than 75%.When the distance is over 40 km,the number of the rural settlements are only 20-30,area of them are700hm2,the proportion is under 2%.(5) Whatever in agricultural area or reclamation area,With the passage of time,the density of rural settlements increasing gradually,and the reclamation area is bigger than agricultural areas.The density of reclamation area from 7.5 个 /104hm2 to 10.2 个 /104hm2,and agricultural area form 3.7 个 /104hm2 to 4.4 个 /104hm2,dynamic degree of rural settlement in reclamation area is0.9828%,it is bigger than 0.4753% that in agricultural area.(6) With the passage of time,the density of the economical developed area is increasing form3.56 个/104hm2 to 4.81 个/104hm2,the area proportion of rural settlements have increased from 0.63 to 1.18;the density of Less-developed regions have increased from 2.61 个 /104hm2 to 2.91 个/104hm2,the area proportion of rural settlements increased from 0.41 to 0.72.In general,the growth of density and area ratio in the economical developed area is higher than the economy in Underdeveloped Regions.(7) The number and the area of rural settlements in Mu Danjiang is presenting overall growth trend. The number of rural settlements have increased 416 and area increased 2.04×104hm2.The number of Sui Fenhe,Hai Lin and Lin Kou have increased,but in 2005,the number of Mu Ling,Dong Ning has reduced,the area still continue to increase.(8) Rural settlements of Mu Danjiang emerged from the center outward high density area(0.018-0.028)to low density area(0-0.002)by circular distribution.High density areas are mainly concentrated in the southwest of Mu Danjiang,Low density area are concentrated in the Northwest,and it’s increased by all around to center.High density areas mainly in the northern of Ning An and southeastern of Hai Lin,and it’s presented the expansion trend,the low density area showed a trend of decrease. Lin Kou,Mu Ling,Dong Ning which in the east of Mu Danjiang,the density have increased obviously.(9) Each period,the spatial center of rural settlements in Mu Danjiang are generally distributed in the west of Mu Ling,and close to the urban area of Mu Danjiang.Overall migration patterns for the north,and towards to Lin Kou.The spatial center of Dong Ning is towards to southwest,Hai Lin is to southeast,Lin Kou is to south.While Mu Ling after years of development and migration,the spatial center for the first performance of westward migration,then northward.Ning An is Westward,then Eastward.From 1986 to 1996,the spatial center of rural settlements in Sui Fenhe has not changed.After that,the spatial center is to north.In recent years,due to the change of agricultural land in Mu Danjiang,spatial center of rural settlements have changed.(10) The land use rate of rural settlements in Mu Danjiang is 84.12%,and annual land usedynamic degree is 2.27%.The land use dynamic degree of Lin Kou,Mu Ling,Sui Fenhe,Ning An,Hai Lin is over the level of Mu Danjiang area,the change is severely.While the land use dynamic degree of rural settlements in Ning An is the lowest,only 1.41%.(1) Analysis of evaluation result:The integrated development of the rural settlements strength in Sui Fenhe is Ⅰ,and there are 4 areas of Ⅱ,Ning An,Hai Lin,Dong Ning,Mu Ling.The index of integrated development of the rural settlements strength in Sui Fenhe is the largest.The capacity of development is the strongest.It shows that this area’s layout more reasonable.The index of integrated development of the rural settlements strength in Lin Kou is the lowest.The capacity of development is the poorest.The distribution of relative unreasonable.(2) The optimization scheme:The most of the rural settlements layout is reasonable,and the individual area(Lin Kou) is unreasonable.By gradually concentration to the main trunk road traffic and gradually to the nearby larger rural settlements to optimize and adjust;Suggestions from perfecting the policy system,change the concept of farmers,increase capital investment to optimize and adjust the layout of Mu Danjiang City.