| From the private ownership of land since the feudal society, China’s entry into the small scale peasant economy era which is men till the land and women weave cloth and self-sufficient. Until now, China’s vast rural areas maintain the small scale peasant economy. Small scale peasant economy and the traditional management model of "dualistic structure" have hindered the development of the vast rural areas. The background of planning the urban and rural development as a whole creates the conditions for the realizing the development of rural areas and completely solving the problem of issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers."Three Rural Issues" in the final analysis is the issue about farmer livelihoods and land use, farmers can not live without land, rural development and agricultural harvest is inseparable from the land. Farmers, land, crops, livestock and poultry constitute the agricultural production systems, in which the land plays a vital role while sustainable land use is farmers’ most important livelihood activities.Farmers are the main body of rural land use, and also the basic unit of land use which is an essential part of the farmers’life, farmers’ land use decisions impact the livelihood situation of the farmers. However, the current study is mostly concentrated on the macroscopic scale, and macro-level land-use studies can not reveal the micro-scale land use change pattern, process and effects. Although some research focuses on the farmers’by-business, the adjustment of agricultural structure, soil fertility change et al, the study of interface how the adjustment of livelihood strategies impact the processes of land use is still lack. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new ways of China’s rural land use change research by the process study of "livelihood strategies-land use".The upper Dadu River is in the transition zone of Sichuan Basin to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the typical ecologically fragile area, the key areas of ecological restoration and reconstruction, so it’s very representative. The study about the region is very plentiful but short of how the residents adjust land use structure, change the land input with the changes in livelihood strategies, and these problems are the key point of study rural land use change in small scale peasant background. Therefore, this text take the typical village of the upper Dadu River of Jinchuan as an example, according to the characteristics of topography, choose two regions which is the Heba village and Zhongshan village, survey the large number of farmers and land by way of rural participating assessment methods, and classify farmers of the two regions by the engaged livelihood activities and income, analyze the livelihood characteristics, land use in the plot scale and the relationship between livelihood strategies and land use of different types farmers of the two regions based on the use of mathematical statistics tools. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Population per household, people engaged in agricultural labor and non-agricultural labor in Zhongshan village is greater than those in Heba village. Age structure is younger in Zhongshan village than that in Heba village. Education level index in Heba village is less than that in the Zhongshan village, but the illiteracy scale in Zhongshan village is higher than that in Heba village. There are many differences in population per household, division of labor, age structure and education level between the different types of farmers of Heba village and Zhongshan village, but there are similarities, such as population per household is non-farm-based> non-farm> farm-based> pure agricultural type, and people engaged in agricultural labor is farm-based> non-farm-based> pure agricultural type>non-farm in Heba village; population per household is pure agricultural type> farm-based> non-farm-based> non-farm, and people engaged in agricultural labor is farm-based> non-farm-based> pure agricultural type>non-farm in Zhongshan village.(2) There are differences in the types and combinations of crops between Heba village and Zhongshan village, Plant species and breeding species in the Zhongshan village are more than those in Heba village. The types of agricultural activities is non-farm-based> farm-based> non-farm> pure agricultural type, the types of non-farm activities is non-farm-based> non-farm> farm-based> pure agriculture type in Heba village. Farmers’livelihood diversification level is farm-based> non-farm-based> pure agricultural type> non-farm, in which livelihood diversification level of agriculture is pure agricultural type> farm-based> non-farm-based> non-farm, livelihood diversification level of non-agricultural is non-farm> non-farm-based> farm-based> pure agricultural type in Heba village. The types of agricultural activities is farm-based> non-farm-based> pure agricultural type> non-farm, the types of non-farm activities is non-farm-based> farm-based> non-farm> pure agriculture type in Zhongshan village. Farmers’ livelihood diversification level is farm-based> non-farm-based> pure agricultural type> non-farm, in which livelihood diversification level of agriculture is pure agricultural type> farm-based> non-farm-based> non-farm, livelihood diversification level of non-agricultural is non-farm> non-farm-based> farm-based> pure agricultural type in Zhongshan village.(3) Farmers’wishes for strategic adjustments of livelihood (agriculture, livelihoods and non-agricultural livelihoods) in Zhongshan Village is higher than Heba village. In Heba Village pure agricultural type focus on the adjustment of the scale of planting and breeding industry, farm-based focus on the adjustment of planting and breeding industry, non-farm-based focus on the adjustment of non-agriculture livelihoods such as work and business, non-farm prefer the adjustment of non-agriculture livelihoods to the agriculture livelihoods; In Zhongshan Village pure agricultural type focus on planting and breeding industry, farm-based focus on planting and breeding industry and also work adjustment, non-farm-based like to adjust non-agriculture livelihoods such as work and business, the main type of adjustment of non-farm is non-agriculture livelihoods such as business and work.(4) The choice of farmers’land use types in different regions is different, corn-wheat and corn is the main plant in Heba village until now, which is the same with Zhongshan village at the beginning of household contract responsibility system emerge, now corn and corn-potato is the main plant in Zhongshan village and corn is overwhelming majority; The types of crops in Heba village in household contract responsibility system is non-farm-based> non-farm> farm-based=pure agricultural type, and now is non-farm-based> non-farm> farm-base> pure agricultural type; The types of crops in Zhongshan village until now is farm-based> non-farm-based> purely agricultural-type> non-farm.(5) Farmers’land use degree and investment in different regions is different significantly. Land use intensity directly reflect the degree of land use, land use intensity in Zhongshan Village is greater than that in Heba village, so land use degree in Zhongshan Village is higher than that in Heba village. Land use intensity in Heba village is pure agricultural type=farm-based> non-farm-based> non-farm, which is pure agricultural type> non-farm-based> non-farm> farm-based in Zhongshan village. Inputs of labor, seed, fertilizer, pesticide, herbicide and mulch between Heba Village and Zhongshan Village have a great difference, the inputs of labor, seed, fertilizer, pesticide and herbicide in Heba village are greater than those in Zhongshan Village, but the inputs of manure and mulch are less than those in Zhongshan Village.(6) In the income of the farming income, livestock income, wage income, business income, work income and other income (government grants, subsidies, etc.), all of these have a positive impact on the total income in Heba village, the impact decrease by degrees in accordance with business income, work income, wage income, other income, livestock income, farming income; In Zhongshan village other income have no impact on total income, farming income have negative impact on total income, the impact of business income, livestock income, work income and wage income decreases gradually. |
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