| The application of medical information technology not only greatly reduce the workload of medical staff, improve the work efficiency of medical personnel, but also improve the use of medical data, promote the further development of the medical treatment cooperation. And with the continuous development of medical information technology, medical information system presents some new feature, such as the differentiation of hardware interface, different requirements and frequent communication between departments, large scale of medical information, the increasing trend of regionalization and tele-mediation of medical information, etc. In response to the new situation of medical information development and satisfy the future expansion of the system, better to provide information services for pathology department, identified the following pathological information management system development goal:based on the different scale of hospital pathology department working process, in a combined way, design module, data flow and function of the system; Implement information sharing and interaction of different hospital departments; Connect different hardware devices of pathology department, analyze and process the data from hardware devices; To build scalable, easy to maintain framework of information system, facilitate upgrade extensions of system, according to the size of the department and medical information.System was analyzed and designed by using the unified modeling language (UML) and coded by using c# programming language. Visual Studio was used as tools for development and use Oracle as database management system. System framework based on three-tier Client/Server (C/S) architecture design, using the abstract factory pattern to build the data access layer (DAL), and can switch in a variety of database management platform.Unified modeling language (UML) is a standard modeling language for object-oriented software, its simple characteristic and unified helps to shorten the time of software design and improve the integrity of the system. In the different stages of system design, using the same modeling language for analysis and design, reduce the cost of system and improve a fair division of the hardware and software. C# language is a kind of object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft, can rapid development based on.NET platform application. And quantities of Microsoft.NET class library can help developers to develop, greatly improve the development speed of the system. Oracle database is the most popular relational database management system, has good portability, easy to use and powerful, for the larger scale information of medical information system is a reasonable choice.Three layers of C/S structure refers to the application logic will be divided into three layers, the variable and core business logic is encapsulated in the form of components, to minimize the coupling between the layers. Three layers of C/S structure are divided into user presentation layer, business logic layer and data access layer. User presentation layer is responsible for user interaction, to realize the business logic layer and data exchange. The business logic layer encapsulates the core business logic of the system, and serves as a bridge of user presentation layer and data access layer. The data access layer is responsible for interaction with database, and isolates the database from users. Three layers of C/S structure with clear logic and classification gives system many advantages:each layer is logical independence, and low coupling, making the system easy to maintenance; Isolation of the user and the database, ensure the security of data; Allow parallel development, and improve the development efficiency.The abstract factory pattern is used to create a family of related or dependent objects, and does not need to explicitly specify a concrete class. The abstract factory pattern hidden the details of creating objects and decouple dependence on specific objects. Using the abstract factory pattern design to build the data access layer, the creation of database access objects can be bidden, make the system freely switch between different database platform become possible and improve the scalability of the system.Based on the analysis of summarizing of the research results of hospitals scientific determine pathology department work process, and based on this reasonable design data flow and function of each module in the system, make the system when applied to different scale of hospital can be adjusted according to the specific requirements of department. When making the function of the system structure design, follow principles like decomposition-coordination, top-down, modular, abstraction and clarity. After a detailed requirements analysis process, the system was divided into login authentication module, process module, query statistics module, management module and interface module six parts. System process mainly involve registration of cases, organizing materials, sliced production, diagnosis report, file and print function module, and designing HIS system, PACS system and the hardware equipment three interfaces. As the reasonable function division, each function module can be combined in use and the system is suitable to different scale and business of pathology department. System realizes a complete coverage of various business of pathology department, such as routine histology, liquid based cytology, biopsy cytology, Immunohistochemistry and pathological autopsy, etc. And based on the principle of extensibility design of the system is easy to add new business. Deployment of system is in the form of center server to multiple clients, facilitate information synchronization and system extension, and the system has been successfully deployed and run in hospitals, and get good feedback.In the overall and detailed design of the system, use case diagrams describe the system function in static view, complete the function of the system, subsystem, or class behavior modeling; Use sequence diagrams to describe the message communication between objects and time sequence of communication, showing the performance of dynamic collaboration between multiple objects.Use case diagram is mainly composed of participants, arrows, use cases and the boundaries of the system, completed with drawing method. In system design, use case diagram plays an important role in the capture requirements, guide the test and description of workflow. In use case diagram, the relationship between the elements, the relationship between the role and the relationship between the use cases clearly shows the function of the system model which can be observe by external users. The use case diagram of the system module was completed in the system’s overall design phase. This paper gives use case diagram of module in the system process, such as registration, materials, production and diagnosis report module, and a detailed description of these use cases.Sequence diagram is mainly composed of characters, objects, lifeline, activation and message elements. Sequence diagram describes system internal object interaction, and emphasize on message sequences. Each message in sequence diagram is corresponds to the operation of a class or the state machine conversion trigger event. Sequence diagram is a further analysis of system function on the basis of the use case diagram, converts use case’s expression into more formal expression. Sequence diagram was complete in the phase of system’s detail design. This paper gives the main use cases in the system process:registration, materials, slicing and diagnosis report, and describe the interaction sequence of objects.In the process of researching the 175 hospital, ZHANGZHOU city center hospital, BEIJIAO hospital and some other hospitals, we learned data of pathology department needs to be saved for a long time, and top three hospital have large of patients every day. Based on the above understanding analysis and design the database of the pathology information management system, finishing database needs analysis, concept structure design and logical structure design. In order to reduce the link and dependence between the database tables and facilitate the reconstruction of database, we build the database based on the designing principles of components as a unit. For some frequent use database tables, we add index in its primary key and foreign key respectively, to ensure the high performance of frequent access database. This paper gives some main data structure of the database table, E-R diagram and logic table structure.System code is mainly divided into eight projects, using the namespace for logical partitioning. Because using c# programming language, the final application is compiled into the assembly for deployment, therefore system project are organized based on the system main body structure——three layer client/server structure, and build a project for each interface which communicate with external systems, makes the system flexible deployment and easy to maintenance. User interface of the system is based on Microsoft’s WinForm technology and implemented by using c# language. WinForm is powerful and has a wealth of visual controls, can quickly create rich application based on Windows. WinForm technology make full use of the common language runtime security features, provides guarantee to ensure the data security of pathology department.The innovation and advantages of this system are:First, realize information sharing in the institute, links with HIS/PACS medical system, and provide the interface to access this system, in order to interact with other department information system. System can query and load pathological examination from the hospital HIS system; Access medical record information and DICOM image from the hospital PACS system; Set up a unified interactive interface to access system itself, provide possible for interaction with other information management system.Second, the connection of variety equipment in pathology department, such as microscope, camera, embedding box coding machine, fluorescent Fish automation report instrument, printer and so on. System implements connection of different equipment in pathology department, and with its simple and flexible operation, and it’s simple and beautiful user interface, provides a great convenience for the department staff.Finally, the data access layer which has good scalability and is based on the abstract factory pattern design achieves the freedom to switch between different database platforms. As different hospital may use different database management systems, system have developed different access module of database management system which can make the system rapidly deployed, and put into use. Reduce the amount of data migration between database platforms and avoid data loss, ensure the integrity of the hospital data.To sum up, this paper briefly describes the current development trend and main characteristics of medical information technology and expounds the current pathological information management system development and application status. This paper also introduces the main development technology and tools used in the system and describes system requirement analysis, function module design and detailed design, in detail. In this paper, we focus on the design, implementation and the main advantages of framework of the system. Describe some typical use cases and code and introduce installation deployment and use situation of system. Finally, summary the research of the system design, analyze deficiency of the system and expect the prospect of the development of health information technology in pathological diagnosis. |
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