Research Of WSN Clustering Routing Method Based On UAV Kinetic Constraints

Since the 1990’s, WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) as an newly emerging field has developed continuously. And the performance of wireless sensors is getting more improved as the electronic devices becomes more and more integrated. Generally a sensor are the device that can sense the environment and is capable of wireless communication and computation. It is featured by its tiny size, limited energy, low cost and so on.Nowadays, more and more researches and applications adopt UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) as the mobile sink to collect imformation from the UAV. That is because UAV’s fight is less limited by the terrain of the area deployed with WSN, and as UAV has no pilot in it is capable of taking dangerous mission, it is a better choice for a WSN application with complicated condition and dangerous circumstances. UAV-WSN has a great prospect since it is resistable to destroyment, easy to deploy, as well as safe and inexpensive to put into use. At present, the research of UAV-WSN system is focused on how to realize the fast, efficient, reliable communication protocol and finding the shortest path for UAV flight. It has been proved in those studies that the clustering routing in WSN can greatly improve its scalability and robustness. However, most of the studies are in the theoretical research level, which did not take into account the kinetic constraints of UAV and the features of UAV in UAV voyage and information collection aspects, as a result, the cluster head chosen by such strategies can not meet the kinetic constraints of UAV, and will inevitably lead to problems as incomplete information collection and a longer path for UAV to travel when it is collecting information from WSN, and the task becomes even harder.To solve the problem, this paper comes with a new WSN clustering routing method based on UAV kinetic constraints(CR), which controls the size of clusters according to the limited time slot for UAV to communicate with the CHs when it flies over the WSN and adjusts the CHs according to the features of UAV flight making the new CH meets the kinetic constraints of UAV, and making it less the redundant rout caused by the CHs which is located at the unreachable zone. The method proposed here can make the UAV successfully complete task of information collection and fly back to the end. At the same time, the objective that enhacing the uniformity of network energy consumption to prolong the lifetime of WSN is reached.In order to validate the performance of the CR propsed in this paper, we make the simulation and analysis using the simulation tools with different parameters and compare it with the classical LEACH algorithm. The results show that the CR propsed here can generate CHs more suitable for UAV to visit, and the UAV’s flight was reduced to below the threshold which is determined by UAV capability to guarantee that the task could be completed, while achieve information collection rate 42% higher than that of LEACH and reduce the margin between nodes more than 10% less than that of LEACH. CR makes better energy consumption uniformity throughout the WSN, and a longer lifetime of the network.