Research Of Topology Control And Routing In Wireless Sensor Networks For Real Time Applications

In the recent years, the research of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) is rapidly developed. Due to the dramatic development of wireless communication technology of hardware and software, the WSN with the characteristic such as low energy consumption and self-organizing have also been used in many applications. The WSNs is made of a large number of resource-constraint sensor nodes, which are deployed in the monitored area randomly and then constitute to a network in wireless self-organization manner. In the traditional WSNs, due to the limited energy of sensors,the main purpose in the sensor network topology control and routing protocol design is to prolong the whole network lifetime. Thus most of the topology control algorithm and routing protocols are designed to solve the problem of the energy consumption of the nodes and the network energy balance using etc. But this kind of algorithms and protocols can’t be completely used in the applications such as Aircraft Prognostic and Health Management(PHM) system, and industrial control, which are serious with the requirements such as network reliability, low latency, safety, and real-time.This thesis firstly makes an overall research of the topology control algorithms and routing protocols, introduced and classified them based on their characteristics, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed and compared. In this paper, a Power Control Algorithm based on Small World(PCS) is proposed to reduce the network delay. The PCS algorithm adds several shortcuts which made of power-amplifier nodes into the network based on the small world theory and uses genetic algorithm to optimize the shortcuts. Simulation results demonstrate that this method can effectively shorten the average path length and reduce the network delay.And a new routing protocol based on Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is also proposed in this thesis. In the proposed approach every food source represents a possible and feasible candidate path between each original and destination node. The positions of food sources are modified by some artificial bees in the population in order to discover the places of food sources. The food source with the highest nectar value seems to be a solution which is evaluated by the fitness function. The results show that the proposed protocol outperform over other algorithms, which achieves better performance in balancing energy consumption, prolonging network lifetime, enhancingenergy efficiency and improving delivery ratio. At the same time, it also shorten the routing latency.