Research On Routing Algorithms In Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network is a wireless network system consisting of large number of micro sensor nodes, since it has the advantages of self-organization, network layout flexibility, connection in wireless multi-hop manner and cooperative monitoring dynamic data etc, it is widely used in military operations monitoring, environmental monitoring, industrial and agricultural production, medical health and combating terrorism warning and other fields, which has become a focus research topic in information field.The performance of wireless sensor network is determined by the energy consumption of the network, the life cycle, network delay. Routing technology is the key technology of wireless sensor network, which is responsible for finding the optimal path from the source node to the destination node, and forwarding correctly the data packets along the optimal path. The routing performance is determined by the energy consumption, the lifetime of wireless sensor network and the data transmission delay. Therefore, routing design should take mainly the life cycle, energy consumption and network transmission delay into consideration.The structure, the protocol stack and the characteristics of wireless senor network are systematically studied in this paper. On the basis of analyzing the present routing algorithms, taking the large scale wireless senor network as the background, the paper selects the hierarchical routing as research object which is suitable for topology management and routing maintenance. For solving the problem of the imbalance energy consumption of the network caused by uneven cluster heads distribution in the hierarchical routing algorithm of LEACH, geographic location information has been introduced, and the region is divided according to the optimal number of the cluster heads, on this basis, considering the residual energy of the node and the rounds of the clusters not being elected, the threshold for the cluster head election has been improved. Meanwhile, according to the problem of the delay and the short life cycle of network, the research is focused on inter cluster routing, and an inter cluster routing algorithm based on mobile agent is proposed. This algorithm establishes a model based on residual energy and information sensitivity, by using mobile agent, which selects the cluster head node of high information sensitivity as the next hop forwarding node, creating a forwarding style of the multi-hop route between clusters, in order to optimize the path when the network topology changes. The simulation results show that the improved routing algorithm effectively balances the energy consumption of the network, reduces the network delay and prolongs the life of the WSN.