Research On Multi-path Routing Optimization Algorithm Based On Cluster In Wireless Sensor Networks

As a new network, the Internet of things can realize widely interconnected betweenthe contents, more and more concern and attention have attracted by the countries all overthe world. Wireless sensor networks as an important basis to achieving the Internet ofthings which is called "peripheral nerve". Its rise has brought the revolutionary changes oninformation perception, acquisition and processing technology.Because of the nodes of wireless sensor networks have small size, its storage,communications, computing capacity are not strong and the nodes with battery energysupplement is hard to carried by, once the energy depletion, the function of the nodes willfailure and lead to the entire network paralysis eventually. Therefore, how to minimize thepower consumption of the nodes and prolong the nodes lifetime and the survival time ofthe entire network are becoming the core issues to be resolved by wireless sensor networks.The energy consumption of the sensor nodes mainly occurs in data transmission phase, andthe routing algorithms mainly solve the problems of data transmission. The most direct andeffective way to reduce the cost of network transmission, the consumption of the nodesenergy and prolong the lifetime cycle of the network is adopting good routing algorithm. Inthis paper, the “hot spots” problems were deeply studied, and proposed a new kind ofenergy-balanced of unequal clustering algorithm, in the inter cluster searching, the clusterrouting algorithm based on improved quantum genetic algorithm is presented, and haveverified the two algorithms by simulation. The main achievements and conclusions arelisted as follows:1) This paper is started with the basic theory of wireless sensor networks, we analyzedthe system architecture of wireless sensor networks comprehensive, emphasized on thenode structure and the energy consumption of nodes and the network communicationarchitecture. The characteristics and performance evaluation of wireless sensor networksare introduced, and combined with the research status of wireless sensor networks, wepointed out the development trend in the future.2) The basic concepts, characteristics and classification on routing protocol of wirelesssensor network are elaborated. We analyze comparatively on classic routing algorithms,explore the process of routing and advantages or disadvantages of various routingalgorithms.3) Because of the problems of “hot spots” in the network, we present the unequalclustering algorithm based on the basis of EEUC (Energy-Efficient Uneven Clustering) algorithm, the nodes energy consumption model and network model are built, thealgorithm which based on the unequal clustering EBUCRP (Energy-Balanced UnequalClustering Routing Protocol) algorithm is proposed, and give a method and strategy on thedetermination for the number of clusters, selection of the cluster head, cluster routing in theestablishment and maintenance mechanism of cluster head, at the same time, thesimulation results are given by the MATLAB platform, the effectiveness of the algorithmwere verified.4) In the inter cluster routing algorithm, this paper improves the ordinary quantumgenetic algorithm in selection of genomes which guides the evolution of populations,quantum coding, quantum rotation gate adjustment strategy, selection the fitness functionand other aspects, the improved algorithm is introduced into the searching of inter clusterrouting. The multi-path routing between clusters was achieved by using the path encoding,decoding and the construction of fitness function.The results of simulation shows that compared to the other typical clusteringalgorithms, the EBUCRP routing algorithm can balanced the energy consumption ofnetworks effectively, relieve the “hot spots” problems, and reduce the nodes energyconsumption effectively and prolong the lifetime of the networks. Adopt the multipathrouting algorithm which based on improved the quantum genetic algorithm is moreeffective than the algorithm based on genetic algorithm or general quantum geneticalgorithm in reduce the energy consumption and prolong the lifetime of the nodes aspects.