Patch Antenna Enhanced Design For Modern Applications

This report is about the design of Micro-strip Patch Antenna (MPA) suitable formodern applications. This kind of antennas have attracted much attention and researchinterest since their discovery.Their applications are enormously large; they span everythingfrom deep space exploration to our handy phone including mobile communication, wireless,military applications, medical, remote earth sensing and deep space exploration just torename few.However in their fundamental forms, MPAs present some remarkable weaknesses,namely low gain, low power handling capacity, narrow bandwidth among others. When welook back at early age of mobile phone such as Nokia, it resembled to a brick with extendedlong wire antenna, technology is moving so fast thanks to Moore’s law, more sophisticateddevices in both military and commercial sectors are emerging every day. Brick like phonehas been replaced by smart phone, which include everything that was thought as sciencefiction in the past few decades, antenna engineers are facing significant challenges, andantenna must be compact, low weight, conformal, high performance, and low profile,planar and multifunction.It was believed that for earth station dish antennas are the adequate solution for longdistance communication since they exhibit infinite bandwidth, and high gain, however notonly dish antenna occupies a significant space, it is well known that dish antenna due to itscurved surface suffers from very little electronic angle scanning beam, and most of time itpresent mechanical configuration problem. Therefore dish antenna, is not competentenough for applications like deep space exploration for the research of other form of life inuniverse, direct broadcasting satellite, rather a combination micro strip array and dish-likeconfiguration is preferred and known as reflect-array.On the other hand, applications like, ultra-wide communication UWB, radio frequencyidentification (RFID),internet of things, wireless and mobile communication all theseapplications are pushing the boundary of electromagnetic theory and antenna. Antenna mustoperate simultaneously at multiple bands, or has a very wide bandwidth while the size mustbe small enough to fit in mobile devices limited size. Fortunately MPAs have low planar profile, low cost, can support diversity polarization, multi-frequency operation and can bemade conformal to the host object.Throughout this thesis the two well-known shortcomings of MPA are addressednotably low gain and narrow band width, three antennas are designed two of them aretested using hardware emulation (prototype) good performance are observed with regardto antenna bandwidth and gain (simulation).The two first antennas v shape l twin andMinkowiski-Sierpinski hybrid exhibit multiband and ultra wide band characteristics, theirgain peak are both above10dBi, radiation pattern and efficiency are considerably good.The third one which is entitled Koch based circular fractal antenna reveals UWBcharacteristics as well as multiband characteristic, the antenna bandwidth span the veryuseful bands including GSM,GPS,DCS,TLE,UMTS WiMAX in middle band(3.3to3.6GHz),high band(5.18-5.825GHz),wireless local area network WLAN(2.45GHz/5.8GHzWLAN), satellite TV in C band(3.7-4.2GHz) and Ku band (11.7-14.2GHz) among others.Simulation was carried out using high frequency software package Computer simulationtechnology (CST) microwave studio which is based on finite difference time domain(FDTD).