Research On The Spatial-temporal Evolution Of Villag Hollowing In Less Developed Rural Area

Since the reform and opening up, the deepening of rural economic system reform and the produce from domestic couplet contract system of job responsibility made farmers to get rid of the shackles of land and the number of rural surplus labor were increased that lead to the rural labor moving to non-agricultural area, the spatial layout of the village residential, the demographic and spatial distribution changing. The study of evolution characteristics and motivating factor of the village hollowing has important practical value for the town planning and construction of New Countryside. This paper takes a typical case of Liu Zhuang village in the less developed rural area in china as the research object, which has collected the village spatial and attribution data since 1990 by the way of field investigations, questionnaire and interview. And this paper used the arcgis10.0 to analysis the temporal- spatial characteristic, the motivating factor of village hollowing which got the following conclusions:First, through the analysis of the relevant data of 1990-2014, this paper discussed the process and characteristic of village hollowing from two angles of the housing hollowing and the population hollowing.(1)There are three different stages of the evolution of village hollowing: the embryonic stage when the level of village hollowing was low, however, the village balance began to crumble. The rapid development stage when the level of village hollowing especially, the residential hollowing increased rapidly. The stable development stage when the speed of village hollowing slow down and the level of village hollowing became steady.(2)The leading type of village hollowing changed at different stages: Early, the village hollowing started because of the spreading pancake of village land, and the housing hollowing within the village appeared. Then, the migration type, the migrant workers type and the idle land type began to appear. At last, the composite hollowing village formed.(3)The spatial evolution of village hollowing: the core zones of village appeared hollowing like point at first. Then, the level of village hollowing both sides of the rivers was higher however the level both sides of the main roads was lower. Thirdly, the points increased like planes and the village hollowing developed from the internal village to the outer.(4)The population hollowing experienced the survival needs, the emotional needs, the respect needs and the realization of self value needs in time frame. The village population density decreased. The demographics of the village changed, resident elderly moved outside the village, and the village migrant population density increasing and concentration in space.Second, the evolution of the village hollowing include that the increasing level, the shape and the dominant factor of village hollowing. Its expressional forms were diverse in different stages, in general, the formation of village hollowing was affected by the households activities, the social system factors, the natural condition of village and the technological factors.(1) The natural condition of village decided the morphology of village hollowing and the leading factors. For example, the terrain of village decided the shape of the village spreading to influence the spatial pattern of village hollowing.(2) The households activities decided the level of village hollowing. The age and gender construction, the household number and family size influenced the intention of farmer building a new home and migration. The economy and education levels decided the ability of building a new home and migration. To some extent, the rights and status of farmer, the family position of strength accelerated the tendency of migration.(3)The social and technological factors increased the level of village hollowing by supporting, stimulation and guiding the households to migration. For example, the aid national policy in Xinjiang area to some extent helped guide the households to migration. In addition, Urbanization, Industrialization and the gap between urban and rural areas stimulated farmers to flow into the city. The advancing of science and technology reduced the need for agricultural labor, and urged rural labor force to outflow as a result of intensifying the village hollowing degree.Village hollowing is the result of long-term evolution of the village spatial pattern and is the result of people’s growing material and cultural needs contradictory to the existing rural economic level, infrastructure, natural environment. It is also the result of the mutual game within the village, the farmers, social environment. However, with the improving of village infrastructure and the adjustment of village industrial structure, the evolution speed of village hollowing may become slower in some extent.