Local Experience And National Policy: The Practice Of The National Universities’ Unified Admission System In Shanghai (1949—1959)

In the early 1950 s, the country through the teaching reform, private university reform, faculty adjustment and a series of measures, set up in a highly concentrated and specialization of Soviet higher education system. Full nationalisation of colleges and universities, according to the national construction plan to layout, set up a large number of professional colleges and universities. Under the higher education system, colleges and universities is no longer the pursuit of "academic independence", "academic freedom", "academic hall", but rather to provide national culture, construction of cadres and professional talents of "talent" factory. Source in order to ensure that the examinee, plans to complete the enrollment plan of colleges and universities and the national talents, draw lessons from the league of nations during the period of the republic of China state education delegation from advice and national government attempts to the 1949 "national" unifies the recruitment of students in colleges and universities in the city of Shanghai local practice gradually expand, in 1952 formally established the national unified enrollment system in college and universities. Unification of admissions to the standardized training in colleges and universities, and graduate unified distribution, countries established a complete set of mechanism of fostering talents as planned, and the higher education system directly linked with the state, the higher education to achieve the comprehensive control. Under the highly centralised university unified admission system, national interests and national needs to become the highest standard of the country’s college enrollment, the university itself in the recruitment of students gradually fade into a state of "absence", the examinee personal was also asked to obey the country needs, unconditionally spearhead the national construction of screws. This highly centralised education system, and in its place in the practice of gradually exposed the country with the autonomy of colleges and universities, the state will and the examinee personal will, and the contradiction between national identity and local differences. Colleges and universities, between individual and nation, as well as between local and central, multiple interactions, the resulting repeatedly unified action survival battle scrap and recruit students several changes in the form of organization. Until 1959, finally unified admission system in the form of plans central, provincial finalize the design. Admissions policy, however, this kind of change and adjustment does not mean that fundamental changes have taken place in the highly centralised education system, doesn’t mean that colleges and universities, between personal and national or local with interest game between the central, but the specific problems and contradictions in state according to national unified local practice to make policy adjustments, fundamental purpose is to maintain the efficient and effective operation of the education system, guarantee the smooth completion of the national personnel training plan. Place the problems encountered in practice and contradiction became the main basis of the nation’s policy adjustments, while in the local practice of local experience directly provides content for the adjustment of national policy.