A Brief History From Imperialism Theory To New Imperialism Theory

Since the capitalist countries exploited poor (undeveloped) countries by colonial expansion, and accumulated capital by dispossession in the worldwide, the discussion about imperialism is never stopped. Marx criticized the capital that exploited the labor, and the capitalism that marked everything by numbers, as well as the production mode of the bourgeoisie that headed to everywhere to change the world just for profits. Lenin defined the imperialism in the beginning of 20th century as monopolistic, parasitic or decayed, and dying capitalism; replacing free competition by monopoly is the natural feature of imperialism economics, and is the essence of imperialism.It has been over a century since Lenin established the imperialism theory after World War I, as the development of imperialism, there came some new features of imperialism, and therefore the new imperialism theory established. David Harvey described that the essence of new imperialism is its naked rapaciousness -"accumulation by dispossession". In the era of globalization, the basic intention of new imperialism is to rebuild the world structure according to the logic of capital. However the new imperialism has its own developmental crisis, therefore it needs to be renovated by "Time-Spatial Fix". Harvey combined geographic spatial perspective and utilized Marxist "dialectics of internal relations" to prove his new imperialism theory, this theory has realistic meaning as well as limitation. The logic of capital is preferable to harsh military force in new imperialism, more fields are exploited with converter methods without losing power, the control of capital and culture is all-pervasive, besides monopoly and exclusiveness are even more stronger. The specific manifestations are performed in the following 3 aspects: a) in the field of military: improving armaments, conducting defensive interference and expanding their camps; b) in the field of economy: pursuing market economy liberalism, commercializing everything, and opening the world market and making rules in their favor through controlling international economic institutions; c) in the field of culture: infiltrating bourgeois values by "soft power" culture hegemony. To build China socialist civilization, it is necessary to recognize the essence of new imperialism, and develop our country at least in terms of military, economy and culture.