Theoretical Research On Contemporary Western Economic Imperialism

After the 1870 s,in order to obtain more profits and realize capital proliferation,capitalist countries rely on capital output to continuously increase the extraction of surplus value.After more than a century of development and changes,freely competitive capitalism has gradually transitioned to monopoly capitalism.Under this historical background,Western theoretical circles have begun theoretical research on the characteristics and essence of imperialism.With the emergence of the theory of imperialism,the theory of economic imperialism was born.The concept and connotation of the theory of economic imperialism are analyzed from the theory of imperialism.Economic imperialism is the basic concept,rational core and ultimate goal of imperialism.The general theory of economic imperialism is an integral part of the theory of imperialism,covering all the interpretations of economic categories in the theory of imperialism since the birth of the theory of imperialism,including the theory of economic imperialism in the early 20 th century,the theory of economic imperialism in the mid-20 th century,and the new economy imperialism of the 21 st century.The theory of imperialism also includes China’s research results on theories of economic imperialism and the theories of economic imperialism in other countries.The narrow sense of economic imperialism includes the theoretical criticism of Lenin’s imperialism and subsequent western imperialism theories on the economic control methods of imperialism in different periods,that is,"Contemporary Western Economic Imperialism".Economic imperialism is the means by which imperialist countries exercise global hegemony.From the perspective of economic imperialism theory,economic imperialism is the core purpose of imperialism.Military imperialism,political imperialism,cultural and imperialism are all important means to promote economic imperialism and economic expansion.They are subordinate to economic imperialism rather than tied with economic imperialism.The characteristics of economic imperialism have become more obvious in globalization.The 20 th century was the embryonic period of the theory of economic imperialism,which was composed of the pre-Lenin theory of imperialism and Lenin’s imperialist theory.The theory of imperialism in the pre-Lenin period provided a source of thought for Lenin’s theory of imperialism and was a preliminary exploration of the theory of economic imperialism.On the basis of insisting on and inheriting Marx and Engels’ critique of capitalism,Lenin used the Hobson theory of capital expansion in the pre-Lenin period and supplemented the parasitics of imperialism,and basically inherited Hilferding’s theory of financial capital monopoly,In the critical reference to Luxemburg’s theory of the law of accumulation,and the criticism of Kautsky’s "super-imperialist theory".The Lenin’s theory of imperialism was proposed using the method of unifying history and logic.Lenin uses a combination of case analysis and theoretical interpretation to comb,refine,and summarize the five basic economic characteristics of imperialism from the perspective of feature theory and stage theory.Among them,characteristic theory is the basic core of stage theory,and stage theory is a reasonable proposition of characteristic theory.Lenin revealed that the political and social characteristics of imperialism are monopolistic,parasitic,decadent,transitional,and dying capitalism,and defined imperialism as "imperialism is a special historical stage of capitalism",revealing monopoly capital doctrine is imperialism,and it is concluded that imperialism is the eve of the proletarian social revolution.It created a new path for Marxist political economy theory and research methods,and created a research paradigm for economic imperialism.The introduction of Lenin’s theory of imperialism also marked the formal establishment of the theory of economic imperialism.After the end of World War II,imperialism and the theory of imperialism have undergone major new developments,and contemporary economic imperialism theories have also ushered in new development opportunities.The rise of the national liberation movement in the world led to the independence of the old colonies.However,political independence failed to enable the emerging nation-states to achieve good economic development.The economy of most nation-states is still developing slowly or even stagnating.The opposite is the economic recovery and economic take-off of the old capitalist countries.At the end of the 1950 s,Western Marxist scholars began to think about the fate and future of contemporary capitalism,focusing on the issues of why backward countries fell behind and how backward countries can get rid of backwardness,and came up with "dependency theory" and "world system theory".The system represented by the "post-World War II imperialism theory" realized the theoretical transformation from Lenin’s theory of imperialism to a newer theory of imperialism.The theory of economic imperialism has also announced that it has entered a new era in the development of "contemporary economic imperialism theory".The economic development theory of backward countries by Paul Baran and the theory of "central" and "peripheral" economic structure by Samir Amin are contemporary the most foundational and representative theoretical achievement in the theory of economic imperialism.The theory of economic development of backward countries,combined with the new development and new changes of capitalism after World War II,starts with "economic surplus" as a starting point to analyze the economic structure of backward countries under the control of monopoly capital,using case analysis and historical method of retrospect provides a theoretical perspective on the root causes of the “under-developed” of backward countries,revealing that the early aggression and colonial rule of the developed capitalist countries against the under-developed countries is the root of the “under-developed” of the under-developed countries,which destroys the development foundation of the under-developed countries.The development path is distorted,and the economic surplus flows one-way to the developed capitalist countries.It is pointed out that the greatest possible and the best way out for backward countries to break through the root cause of "under-development" is the socialist revolution.This theory is the foundational theory of contemporary economic imperialism.The "central" and "peripheral" economic structure theory is based on the inheritance of Marx and Lenin’s related theories,taking Baran ’s view of "economic surplus" and capital accumulation as the starting point,in the theoretical part of contemporary imperialism based on the critical reference of scholars’ research results,the economic process is the core of the argument,and the capitalist forms of the "center" and "periphery" under the control of monopoly capital,the economic structure,the specific forms and reasons of unequal exchange between North and South,and monopoly capital the distribution pattern of "central accumulation" and "peripheral stagnation" generated under deprivation is analyzed.It reveals that the developed capitalist countries at the "center" and the backward countries at the "periphery" have caused the unequal world economic structure and distribution pattern under the control of monopoly capital due to the differences in social history,production methods,and accumulation modes.This theory is the most representative and comprehensive theoretical achievement in contemporary economic imperialism theories.In the 21 st century,the development of economic imperialism theory has ushered in a major historical opportunity.A series of major historical events,such as the disintegration of the Soviet Union,the Gulf War,and the Iraq War since the 1990 s,prompted Western left-wing theorists to refocus their research on theories of imperialism.In the 21 st century,the "new imperialist theory" came into being,the "21st century new economic imperialism theory" has achieved simultaneous development.The theory of new economic imperialism discusses the changes of capital accumulation,mode of production and status of nation state in the process of economic imperialism.Among them,the most representative theories are: David Harvey’s critical theory of capital accumulation logic,Michael Hardt’s and Antonio Negri’s theory of production mode change,Ellen Meksins Wood’s nation-state theory.The logical critical theory of capital accumulation seeks to create a new economic imperialism based on the logical criticism of capital accumulation,the criticism of capital accumulation space restoration,and the criticism of the deprivation of capital accumulation from the perspective of historical-geographic materialism.The theoretical research framework opens up a new interpretation of the formation,development,and evolution of new economic imperialism,and creates a new dimension of critical paradigm for economic imperialism.Among them,the capital logic and territorial logic of capital accumulation are the main lines of the theoretical analysis.Space restoration is a new transfer method of capital accumulation and the tool for analyzing spatial geography.Deprivation accumulation is the dominant form and driving force of capital accumulation.The mode of production revolution theory,using empire as the core concept to discuss the nature of empire,the form of empire’s rule,and the mode of production of empire.The theory of the transformation of the mode of production reveals that the essence of the empire is the capital empire,the empire’s ruling form is life politics rule,and the empire’s mode of production is immaterial labor.It points out that the main body resisting the empire is produced in the immaterial labor,and discusses the ideal form of the future society and the possibility exists.The nation-state theory,uses capital imperialism as a way of expressing the new economic imperialism.It is a comparison between capital imperialism and traditional imperialism and post-war imperialism.The comparison of forms summarizes the particularity of capital imperialism and discusses the relationship between nation-states and capital imperialism in the context of globalization.It is pointed out that the separation of economy and politics is the fundamental difference between capital imperialism and previous imperialism.Globalization is the inevitable result of the development of monopoly capitalism.The essence of globalization is capital expansion and imperial hegemony.The core purpose of capital imperialism in globalization is the realization of world economic hegemony and nation-state is an important force against capital imperialism and the energy field of the global proletarian revolution.According to the essence,structure,mode of production,capital logic,capital accumulation,confrontation subject and other contents of economic imperialism revealed by the theory of economic imperialism,it can be known that economic imperialism will not stop its evolution to a deeper level during globalization.The appeal of economic imperialism in globalization is still to build an empire of capital.The nature of economic imperialism and the economic structure of the center and periphery have not undergone fundamental changes.Economic imperialism is also constantly evolving new forms of production,accumulation,expansion,and restoration.The fundamental purpose of studying the theory of economic imperialism is to find a way out of the capital logic of economic imperialism,and to promote the realization of equal development of all countries in the world.The continuous presence of nation-states in globalization has made them an important subject to resist economic imperialism.The territorial logic and awakening of national consciousness of nation-states have become key elements to assist the confrontation with economic imperialism in globalization.The new subject of resistance points to the nation.The country and the new development path point to socialism.Economic imperialism has opened a new round of power exhibition in globalization.China’s development path and practical experience under the process of economic imperialism have provided reference ideas and reference plans for world economic governance and the political and cultural development of countries around the world.Standing at the historical node of major changes unseen in a century,based on the theory of economic imperialism,reflect on China’s choice of economic,political,cultural development path and response strategies in the process of economic imperialism,and produce a summary of history and the future,the prospects of the future can provide new arguments for the realization of the expansion of anti-economic imperialism.