The Network Of NGO In Emergency Response

Under the risk society and social transformation, emergency management in China is transforming from Disaster Management, Comprehensive Emergency Management, Crisis Management to Risk Management. Natural Disaster, accidents, public health crisis and social security accidents emerge frequently which are more uncertain, complex, systematic, comprehensive than before. All of the risk require higher standard emergency management, while the limited government could not meet the requirement. Thank to the transform of government function, market-oriented economy, rise of civic consciousness, development of civil society, non-governmental organization begin show great impact in social governance. It is an inevitable tendency for social power like private sector, community, citizen and NGO take part in the social governance and share the risk in modern society.Based on the case study of Wenchuan Earthquake and Lushan Earthquake, the paper combines the collaboration emergency management and social network theory with the practice in emergency management in China by social network analysis. Under the background of Chinese unified government, the structure, mode, extent of network and core actors, as well as the effect of policy are talked in the paper.Both the central government and federal government contribute to the comprehensive emergency management, treating NGO, private sector and community, as entity in social governance. The law, emergency management system, economic conditions, volunteerism, change of social value lay positive impact on the rise of NGO. However, there do exist constrains for NGO like the lack of credibility, policy limitation and weakness of law support.In the response network, NGOs trend to cooperate with organizations from private sectors. Provincial organizational show great occupation. The internal network are better organized than the extra one. There still space for NGO to cooperate with organizations from other sectors and improve the connections, centrality and transitivity. The cohesion and effect of network will decrease with the increase of actors. The quality of network will be affected by the property of actors. The network in Lushan case show better quality than the network of Wenchuan, the five years’ policy change has seen the evolution of NGO which also approved the efficacy of policy of emergency management. The core organizations in network do play an important role in improving the effect. Abilities in public placement, operation, management, specialty, training and communication are key factor determining positions and function of NGOs in network.Finally, based on the conclusion, the paper proposes several proposal. First, the unified system for cooperate and communication is needed, which cover actors from different sectors and jurisdictions. Second, improve NGO’s ability in operation, human resources, finance and information release. Make full use of NGO’s specialty and make the under the supervision of society. Third, make the core organizations in network function in network construction, alliance, communication, information flow, resources and training. Last not the last, improve the environment for NGO and treat them as an significant entity in construction of modern country.