A Research On Mindfulness-based Group And It’s Effect On The Reasons For Living Among College Students With Suicidality

Chapter I IntroductionStudents Suicide is a social and public health problems around the world. In recent years, the reported case of suicide of college students is rising, suicide has become the leading cause of unintentional death among college students. Research shows that every suicide death may cause at least six relatives severely affected, and such of this psychological harm will continues ten years. University students have an important task of national rejuvenation and development of the country, which are more vulnerables to suicidal behavior concerns of the community, and its impact is more far-reaching.Many researchers explore the causes of suicide for the prevention of suicide. Suicidal behavior is the result of the competition between risk factors and protective factors, to study and eliminate the risk factors for suicide are important, but founding protective factors for suicide that can block the suicide process should also be given adequate attention. Suicide protective factors influence suicidal behavior from the perspective of "stress-susceptible quality" model (the stress-diathesis model) stated: stressful life events is an important cause of suicide, but does not necessarily lead to suicidal ideation and behavior.People with high susceptibility, such as using negative cognitive system, may be more likely to have suicidal behavior under the same infulence of life events. Thus, mental mechanisms, such as optimism, social support and active living beliefs play an important protective role between life events and risk of suicide.Reasons for living is the concept proposed by foreign scholar Linehan.Reasons for living is an important protective factor in suicide prevention,it’s from the perspective of cognitive beliefs to assess the cause that individual do not suicide. There are many researches about reasons for living, but most of them is about the relationship of single factor such as optimism, cultural background and meaning of life between suicide risk.Therefore, more and more researchers dedicated to exploring for early intervention in the form of suicide. Since the 1970s, more and more foreign psychologists began to focus on mindfulness.Mindfulness training is the idea that focused on the present, it’s not criticism or rejection, self-acceptance and face reality and admit everything happened. The research has found that mindfulness practice can lead to positive psychological effects, including increased subjective well-being, alleviate psychological symptoms and emotional reactions, and promote a code of conduct. Mindfulness training can help participants reduce the relapse rate of depression, relieve anxiety, recognize and face the pain, thereby reducing the risk of suicide may be an effective protective factor for suicide prevention. At present, there are a lot of mindfulness group studys in domestic and overseas. But there is less research on the effect of suicide risk by mindfulness group, and there is no research about intervention of mindfulness group on suicidal college students.In summary, the present study on suicide prevention mainly has the following disadvantages:1 is mainly focused on the control of risk factors, the lack of focus on protective factors, in particular the lack of positive psychology oriented to enhance protective factors at the core of early suicide intervention Method; 2. Based on experience-based suicide prevention strategies are mostly based on less evidence-based suicide early intervention methods, especially the lack of evidence-based domestic suicidal student population for early suicide intervention.3. single individual consulting low efficiency and can not meet the needs of early suicide prevention, group counseling may be in the form of early intervention for suicide, but a general lack of direct intervention group for suicide prevention activities in the special theme of meaning and form of support. Given the core concepts and forms of training mindfulness training, college students in exploring the road of suicide risk intervention, mindfulness training applied to enhance the protective factors of suicide to reduce the risk of suicide is a potential new area of research. In view of this, the subject to the investigation, based on analysis of mindfulness, the relationship between reason and survival suicide risk. On the basis of investigation and study, intended to be the core concept of mindfulness and form the carrier, as the main form of group counseling to suicidal college students targeted to enhance the survival of reason as the goal, to explore mindfulness group Students for suicide intervention to survive grounds the effect of early intervention strategies for exploring the suicide suicidal college students provide empirical and scientific basis.Chapter Ⅱ The relationship of mindfulness, reasons for living and suicide risk PurposeStarting from concept of "the stress-diathesis model" analyzes the relationship model of mindfulness, reasons for living and suicide risk, to explore the role of enhancing the level of mindfulness for enhancing reasons for living and suicide risk, in order to develop the prepares and objectives of intervention programs.Objectives and MethodsAll 2989 freshmen in a university for the study, the use of population sociology self questionnaire, adolescents survival reasons Scale, five factors mindfulness scale, suicidal behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) and the amount of Adolescent Life Events table survey, a total recovery of 2948 valid questionnaires qualified parts. Unity through students’ psychological health network system testing, using SPSS13.0, Amos20.0 process data, statistical methods including descriptive statistics, linear regression analysis, structural equation model.Results1. Students SBQ-R Scale total score (4.44±1.70) points; mindfulness score (123.63±12.41) points; reasons for living score (162.71±18.72) points; life events score (33.25±6.58) points.2. Life events and suicide risk score was a significant positive correlation (r= 0.32, P<0.05). Life events score and total score was significantly survival reasons negative correlation (r=-0.16, P<0.05). Reason out of existence and its various dimensions of suicide risk was a significant negative correlation (-0.32≤r≤-0.21, P<0.05). Mindfulness score and survival reasons scores were significantly correlated (r=0.32, P<0.05), and suicide risk was a significant negative correlation (r=-0.22, P<0.05).3. In life events as the independent variable, with suicide risk as the dependent variable, with survival as Mediator reason to mindfulness as a moderator, to build structural equation model, the model goodness of fit (RMSEA=0.42, GFI=0.96,AGFI=0.94, NFI=0.95, RFI=0.93, CFI=0.96). Reasons for living intermediary role between life events and suicide risk played by reason of survival intermediary role of life events on suicidal behavior acts directly path coefficient increased from 0.43 into 0.36 and significant. Reasons for living is a mediating effect of the total effect of life events and suicidal behavior played by 15.17%.4. Mindfulness survival reasons and suicide risk plays a regulatory role. Mindfulness level rating* Survival interaction on grounds rating score significantly lower survival reasons students score, the higher the risk of suicide. On the low, medium and high levels of three different levels of living grounds, mindful of the higher level of college students, the lower the risk of suicide, and have a significant (P<0.05).Conclusions1. Reasons for living scores and five factor scores is closely related to suicide risk, the higher the reasons for living, the lower the risk of suicide. In five scores of reasons for living, Self-acceptance factor and family cohesion factor most closely connected with the risk of suicide.2. Mindfulness level and suicide risk and reasons for living are closely related, the higher the level of mindfulness, the higher the reasons for living, and lower the suicide risk.3. Reasons for living plays an intermediary role between life events and suicide risk. Mindfulness plays regulating effect role between reasons for living and suicide risk.The relationship between life events, survival reasons, mindfulness and the risk of suicide is a regulated intermediary model.Therefore, this study will continue to explore the role to enhance the level of mindfulness for enhancing reasons for living and reducing the suicide risk, to provide a reference for mindfulness training of suicide prevention in college students in the future.Chapter Ⅲ Intervention of mindfulness group of suicidal college studentsPurposeTo find a early prevention methods which is positive psychological orientation of the major and empirical research on college students suicide, explore mindfulness group of college students to survive the impact of suicide reason, in order to better commit suicide will increase the protective factors to help students apply to suicide prevention.Objectives and Methods1. Screening of the objectives. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, through research results and interviews from the entire 3144 freshman, screened 327 suicidal college students. By way of preaching, we recruited 60 people from 327 suicidal college students. The 60 subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group and a control group, each of them were 30 people. Two weeks after the end of the group,we did group-depth interviews from the selected 12 members of the experimental.2. Making mindfulness groups programs. The researcher herself participated in MBSR training researchers and adhere to the daily practice of mindfulness, mindfulness training through a lot of research and reading books to mindfulness-based, pre-test and experts repeatedly adjusted, to develop eight weeks of mindfulness training programs.3. Assessing the effect of the intervention. Quantitative evaluation of the measured data before and after an eight-week group intervention was through assessment. Quantization survey portion includes self demographic questionnaire, SBQ-R, Adolescent Life Event Scale, Scale adolescent survival reasons, five factors mindfulness scale.Qualitative assessment of assessments was by the end of the group of qualitative interviews.Results1. Eight-week mindfulness mindfulness groups to significantly improve the level of participants. Difference measured before and after the experimental group and the control group in the five-factor mindfulness total score (F=22.39, P<0.05) and "observe" (F=11.21, P<0.05), "no response" (F=11.97, P<0.05) difference between the two factor scores significantly; while in the "Description" (F=2.37, P> 0.05), "there is awareness to action" (F=2.68, P> 0.05) and "non-judgmental" (F= 2.81, P>0.05) difference was not significant.2. eight weeks of mindfulness groups to significantly improve the participants’ survival reasons Scale total score and factor scores. Measuring performance differences between the experimental and control groups before and after the subjects survival grounds total score (F= 12.15, P<0.05) and "family cohesion factor" (F= 7.75, P<0.05), "Suicide Fear Factor" (F= 7.45, P<0.05), "self-acceptance factor" (F= 11.37, P<0.05) and "peer acceptance factor" (F= 5.45, P<0.05) differences were significant; and in the "future optimism factor "(F= 3.22, P> 0.05) difference was not significant.Conclusions1. Mindfulness group is a suitable form of intervention in suicidal college students.2. Participation in the mindfulness group can significantly improve the suicidal college students’mindfulness undergraduates.3. Participation mindfulness groups can enhance the scores of reasons for living.Innovation and research ideasInnovation1. Innovation of research content. From the perspection of suicide protective factors, using the concept of mindfulness, analysising the relationship of reasons for living, mindfulness levels and suicide risk.And to identify ntervention on the basis of suitable grounds to enhance the survival of suicidal student population.2. Innovation of research methods. Combining research and intervention studies in research design, intervention program is based on the investigation research; Combining quantification and qualitative methods in impact assessment, assess the effect through depth interview, both the pros and cons of complementary methods explore the group Students for suicidal tendencies affect survival grounds.Research Ideas1. Pure research is difficult to explore measured before and after the intervention of retention and practice of sustainability. Future research can be tracked on persistent intervention study to explore the effectiveness of mindfulness groups such action a form of intervention can be grounds for the survival duration, and frequency of college students to practice mindfulness.2. Measurement results can be added to the biological indicators and behavioral indicators to improve the assessment of mindfulness intervention groups.3. In addition, the survey only for the intervention of a university freshman is difficult to understand and comprehensive information, future research can explore the full year of more college students, college students to explore more appropriate suicide intervention programs, so as to continuously improve, more good to have a preventive effect college students commit suicide.