| BackgroundIt is a hot topic that undergraduates suicide around the world. Scholars have found that the number of Chinese college students’ suicide incidence is increased. Research suggests that every suicide victims will influence at least6relatives and friends.The aim of researches about suicide is to prevent college students’ suicide. Many suicide researchers focus on risk factors and less researches focus on protective factors around the world. As the same stress conditions, to explore the protective factors is more important. At present, the study of suicide contains two aspects of internal factors and external factors. Among these protective factors, some are difficult to ascend. The useful factors should have better protective effects. Most representative is cognitive beliefs, the most typical is living reasons.Living reasons is proposed by foreign scholar, called Linehan, which based on the assumption of cognitive belief, assessing the cause of individual living. Nowadays, many researches about the correlations between factors of living reasons and suicide risk, such as optimistic, the meaning of life and so on. Quantitative researches are always used in exploring a single factor effects on suicide. It is no way to compare factors effects and it can’t make guidance on suicide prevention. Reasons for living inventory contains many factors of living reasons. In qualitative research, foreign suicide behavior assessment interview outline is relatively mature mainly focus on risk factors. The methods of qualitative research in China used less. An emergency doctor invented an innovative interview strategy, called CASE, through the way of interviewing, interviewee have enough time to prepare to discuss suicidal thoughts. It will make people willing to share suicide experience, researchers can know more about the psychological activity process during suicide. This method has less applied in domestic colleges. But it is suit for understanding Chinese college students’ cognitive belief.In short, from the perspective of cognitive beliefs, the protective factors of suicide have a poor guide on suicide preventing and a low practicability. Using quantitative is the only way to do the research that exploring the trends and relationships between the factors. Only using qualitative method, the researches will lack of data. So combined quantitative research with qualitative research to explore the suicide protection factors is the trend in future.Section1The quantitative research of living reasons in Chinese college studentsObjective To explore the correlation between living reason and the risk of suicide. To find the strength of protective factors’ effects in the dimensions of living reasons, and to find the characteristics of Chinese college students’ living reason in order to prepare deep understanding of the connotation of the protection factors and make a target for the suicide prevention.Subjects and methods According to the division level of economic development and geographical distribution, respectively, a total of8202students at grade1to5were sampled from different types of universities in the South, East, Central, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast of China. Reasons for Living Inventory for Young Adults(RFL-YA),Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC),Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) and self-made questionnaire on population and sociology relevant factors were used to make a survey. SPSS13.0was used to process obtained data. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics, one-sample t test and Structure Equation Modeling.Results (1)Chinese college students’reasons of living are negative related to risk of suicide.(0.21≦r≦0.32, P><0.05);(2)Family alliance has the highest goal of the protective effect in Chinese college students(5.09±0.81), followed by future optimism(5.06±0.79), self-acceptance(4.93±0.84), peer-acceptance(4.87±0.81) and suicide-related concerns(4.24±1.34);(3) The item "I feel close with my family" has the highest goal of protective effect (5.27±0.91);(4) Chinese college students’scores are significantly higher than America students’ in the dimensions of living reason (P<0.01);(5) There has an interaction between living reason and life events. As the intermediary role of living reason, the direct effect has change from0.34to0.25between life events and the risk of suicide. The intermediary effect of living reason accounted for26.35%of the total effect (RMSEA=0.04, GFI=0.98, AGFI=0.97, NFI=0.9S, RFM).97, CFI=0.98).Conclusion College students’ living reasons have a negative correlation with the risk of suicide. That family alliance, future optimism, self-acceptance, peer-acceptance have the stronger protective effects on the Chinese college students than on the Americans. Suicide-related concerns have more weak protective effects on the Chinese college students than on the Americans. The item "I feel close with my family" has the biggest protective effect. Living reason is the adjustment and the mediation effect between suicidal behavior and life events.Section2The qualitative research of living reasons in Chinese college studentsObjective Through in-depth interview with the experience of suicide, exploring the connotation of the protection factors in Chinese college students. To find the local characteristics of the protection factors in Chinese college students in order to apply in the suicide prevention work combined with these factors.Subjects and methods Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,16freshmen will be selected as objects who have received psychological investigation in GuangDong University. Objects will be communicated through semi-structured interviews technique by visiting syllabus. And the content will be analyzed by generic analysis and QSR NViovo8.Results (1) Family alliance is the most important protective factors in Chinese college students. The close relationship with family members has the protective effects. For Chinese college students, grateful and filial piety are the most important;(2) Future optimistic is cross-cultural. Short-term goal is the protective factors of students’. guiding, beneficial to the prevention of suicide. Things haven’t be done, the adhere belief in the future, the dreams of the future can play roles in suicide protection;(3) Self-acceptance:in crisis, as long as the Chinese college students not to deny their own, they will not suicide;(4) Peer acceptance:based on the stigma of suicide, individuals in order to avoid the peer exclusion, they will not t suicide. Important roles are also protective factors; (5) Suicide-related concerns has cross-cultural consistent, fear of suicide, the fear of death situation uncertainty are forms of it. Concern about appearance is the characteristic of the female college student suicide protection factors.Conclusion The protective factors act on the fifth suicide step. The characteristic of living reasons are based on the social background and traditional culture of China. Family alliance, self-acceptance, peer-acceptance has the local characters. Family alliance means grateful, self-acceptance means students not to deny themselves, peer-acceptance means avoid the peer exclusion and important roles. Suicide-related concerns and future optimism have cross-cultural consistency. Suicide-related concerns mean fear of suicide, the fear of death situation uncertainty. Future optimistic means things haven’t be done, the adhere belief in the future, the dreams of the future. |
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