| we discuss the characteristics of the modern Chinese Imperative speech act verbs in the syntactics, semantics, pragmatics and teaching Chinese as a second language.First of all, from the perspective of Speech Act Theory,we determine how to defined imperative speech act verbs.And in the semantic aspect,we choose 89 verbs from the "Modern Chinese Dictionary(the Sixth Edition)" and "Chinese Verb Usage Dictionary" and classify them. We think there are two more important classification,one is from the different speech acts performed by explicit performatives including Imperative speech act verbs.The other is from the number of semantic components that the verb must have.Secondly, we describe syntactic features of imperative speech act verbs. Here we analyze the main and the secondary syntactic function of imperative speech act verbs.We study the verb-object type and the complements after imperative speech act verbs,as well as their function to be subjects,objects and attributes, which is the secondary function of imperative speech act verbs.We also analyze their sentence structure and so on.From discussed above, we can see that there’s a certain link between imperative speech act verbs’ syntactic characteristics and its semantic attributes.Thirdly, we study the semantic properties of imperative speech act verbs.According to the prototype theory of cognitive linguistics, we builds up model diagrams of various imperative speech act verbs. At the same time, we discuss the verb semantic constraints on the agent, patient and dative.Then, the imperative speech act verbs are studied in pragmatics. We find that there is a certain relationship between the imperative speech act verbs and imperative language behavior, but not the one one corresponding. Under the conditions of emphasizing the communicative intention, clear imperative force, far social distance of communication subjects, the more formal occasions,the imperative speech act verbs often appear. Besides,we discuss the presupposition and the textual function ofverbs.At last,Based on the study above and related Chinese lexical syllabus, the HSK dynamic composition corpus, we summarize the types and causes of errors that the foreign students make when using imperative speech act verbs. Combining with the existing teaching principles and methods, we expound how to teach Chinese imperative speech act verbs as a foreign language. |
