Political Situation Of Northeasten Asia At The Transition From The Ming Dynasty To The Qing Dynasty

Korean Peninsula has had a close tie with China since ancient times. After founded in 1392, Korean Kingdom had maintained a firm relationship in terms of land and diplomacy with the Ming Dynasty and continued such relationship till Nurhachi founded the Later Jin Dynasty in the year 1616. After the Later Jin Dynasty came into being, the relationship between Korean Kingdom and the Ming Dynasty gradually turned into the a triangle relationship in the east among the Korean Kingdom, the Ming Dynasty, and the Later Jin Dynasty. Through the Bingzi Battle, Korean Kingdom signed an agreement with the Later Jin Dynasty and agreed to be a subject ally to the Later Jin Dynasty, and the triangle relationship among the Korean Kingdom, the Ming Dynasty, and Later Jin Dynasty came to an end and was replaced by the ally relationship in which the Korean Kingdom would pay tribute to the Later Jin Dynasty each year.In the early period of foundation, the Later Jin Dynasty was still very weak, and in addition to the Korean Kingdom in the east, it also was under threat of the Mongolia Kingdom in the West. In order to defeat the Later Jin Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty changed its previous restricting and attacking policies, and adopted policies to work together Lin Dan Khan of Mongolia Kingdom in fighting against the Later Jin Dynasty, which in turn brought the Later Jin Dynasty to pay more attention to the relationship with its neighbor in the west, the Mongolia Kingdom. In contrast to the Ming Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty adopted policies to ally with other tribes of Mongolia than the Lin’Dan Khan, because the rulers of the Later Jin Dynasty quickly found the Lin Dan Khan named himself the descendant of rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, and exposed such weaknesses as to oppressing other Mongolian tribes. Thus, the triangle relationship among the Ming Dynasty, Later Jin Dynasty,and the Mongolia Kingdom was gradually formed. In the competition by adopting two different policies between the Ming Dynasty and the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty took the upper hand. By three battles against Chahar and intermarriage and conquering,the Later Jin Dynasty and other Mongolian policies, the Later Jin Dynasty completely brought Mongolian Kingdom under its own sovereignty, and thoroughly expelled the forces of the Ming Dynasty out of the Mongolian region. Since then, the triangle relations among the Ming Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, and the Mongolian Kingdom had come to and end, and transformed into a bilateral relationship between the Later Jin Dynasty and the Mongolia Kingdom.With the extinction of the two triangle relations in the east and the west, the two triangle relations formed up by the four forces that originally existed in the Northeastern Asian region finally evolved into the bilateral relationship between the Ming Dynasty and the Later Jin (Qing) Dynasty. In the end, the Later Jin (Qing) Dynasty entered into the Shanhaiguan Pass and overthrew the ruling of the Ming Dynasty, and established the last unified feudal dynasty, the Qing Dynasty. The Northeastern Asia Region thus entered into a brand-new historical period of development, and gradually established and improved a new ally system. The paper focuses on the study of the four forces, the Ming Dynasty, the Later Jin (Qing) Dynasty, Korean Kingdom and the Mongolian Kingdom, in the Northeastern Asia region at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, and carries out certain analysis over different trends and reasons for the relationship between the Later Jin (Qing) Dynasty and the Mongolian Kingdom, and the relationship between the Later Jin (Qing) Dynasty and the Korean Kingdom, according to the arrangement of structures specified as follows:The paper is divided into three parts:Introduction, the Article, and the Conclusion.Chapter Ⅰ:Introduction, mainly generalizing over the purpose and meaning for selecting such a theme, the research status of the theme, and the research direction and the innovation points of the paper. Chapter Ⅱ:The conflicting between the Later Jin Dynasty and Ming Dynasty VS the Formation of multilateral relations. By decomposing relative historic materials, the Chapter analyzes on the influence of rise of the Later Jin Dynasty on the previous Northeastern Asian region, i.e. on integration of the relations among the four forces in the Northeastern Asian Regions.Chapter Ⅲ:Intensifying of conflicts between the Later Jin Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty VS the restructuring of the multilateral foreign relations. In this Chapter, relative historical data were employed to analyze the restructuring process of the relations among the four forces in the Northeastern Asian region. By decomposing the extinction process of the two triangle relations in the east and the west, the Chapter elaborates on intensifying of conflicts between the Later Jin Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty due to adaptation of different foreign policies and the relative influence therein occurred due to such intensifying.Chapter IV:End of the conflicts between the Later Jin Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty VS the formation of new order in the Northeastern Asian region. In the light of the contents expounded in the previous two chapters, this Chapter combines relative historical data in presenting the idea that the Later Jin Dynasty entered into the Shanhaiguan Pass and conquered the Ming Dynasty is a very important part of the structuring of new orders in the Northeastern Asian regions. In addition, the chapter also elaborates on the construction of the new order in the northeastern Asian regions as well as the influences therein brought about.Chapter V:Conclusion. The Chapter exemplifies on the evolution process of the inter-relations among the four forces in the Northeastern Asian regions, gives positive comments on the correctness of the various types of policies adopted by the Later Jin Dynasty, and reveals that the doom of the Ming Dynasty was a result of an improper handling of the relations with the Later Jin Dynasty and the Mongolian Kingdom. And finally, the paper demonstrates its conclusions on the theme herein provided.