The Research Of "Language-image" Relationship Of Zhang Xian’s Ten Songs(Shi Yong Tu)

Zhang Xian, a famous poet in Northern Song Dynasty, created a landscape painting Ten Songs(Shi Yong Tu) based on the meaning of Ten Songs Poems(Shi Yong Shi) written by his dead father Zhang Wei, and wrote this ten poems besides the pictures relevantly. This painting was admired by the later literati and many commented on it, affixing seals on it. So, Ten Songs, as an image text which takes profound cultural messages, has special research value in history.This paper analyzes the relationship between Ten Songs and Ten Songs Poems as well as the relationship between Ten Songs and the comments of it on the point of literature and picture relationship, and also discusses how to transfer language sign into image sign and the features and laws during this mutual imitation on the bases of "language-image" relationship.The main part of this paper develops in four chapters. The first chapter is about basic research, having icon analyze of Ten Songs Poems, having image analyze of Ten Songs, and reading comparatively between poems and painting. Ten Song Poems have abundant icons, classified into concrete nouns, abstract nouns, verbs and adverbs,etc. Every poem has its key icon, for example, the ten old gathering (Liulao Hui), the crane, the lonely sail, etc. This paper interprets these icons with other related poems and the culture background. Ten Songs is a scroll, showing the mixture of accurate describing and freehand brushwork. The right part of it describes the gathering of Nanyuan (Southern Garden), the middle and left parts mainly describe the landscape. The comparative reading of poems and painting is about comparing the right, middle and left parts of Ten Songs with the related verses, finding what is represented, omitted or added.The second chapter is core research, analyzing the transfer from Ten Songs Poems to Ten Songs in four aspects. Firstly, the methods of "language-image" transform, that includes making the icons practicable by omission and addition, retaining the signs and simplifying by weeding out superfluities, combining the icons and creating new meanings, choosing the scenes and transferring the virtual to the concrete, etc. Secondly, the "language-image" transform takes place in three levels-icon sign level, sign combing level and meaning creating level. Thirdly, the laws of "language-image" transform express in two aspects, emphasizing on accurate description in the gathering of Nanyuan and emphasizing on scenic creation in the landscape of Wuxing. Although the poem and the painting are different forms of art, they have the same tone in expressing the ideal of the literati in this case. Fourthly, the value of "language-image" transform embodies in three aspects, the art value is that transmit the poems and makes a masterpiece of painting, the literature value is that conserves the handwritings and promotes Hu scholar (Hu xue), and the culture value is that the interactive of poem and painting expresses the tradition of the literati.The third chapter is external research, the "language-image" relationship of Ten Songs and its comments. It mainly analyzes Ten Songs and the preface of Sun Jue, the postscript of Chen Zhensun, the postscripts of Xian Yushu and other literati of Yuan Dynasty. The later generations endow new meaning to it during the accepting history of this image text.The fourth chapter is extending research, investigating Ten Songs and the form of "literati painting"(wenren-hua). Song and Yuan dynasties are the transform period of Chinese painting and the literati painting gradually becomes the main stream of Chinese painting, especially it comes Su Shi, an all-round literati in poem, painting and handwriting. Ten Songs, as a try of literati painting in early Northern Song Dynasty, has special contribution to the form of literati painting. By comparing Ten Songs to The Five Old of Suiyang(Suiyang Wulao Tu) and to The Gathering of Western Garden (Xiyuan Yaji Tu), we can see the art features of Ten Songs and then analyze the influence of Ten Songs on poetic painting’s composition. The literati painting have significance in the establishment of literati’s status. This is why Ten Songs has a lasting influence in history. The later literati experience a poetic travel in aesthetic and in mind when they skim through the painting.