Liu Yong And Zhang Xian:the Deploitation And Elaboration Of Manci In Northern Song Dynasty

In the rich soil of economic and cultural,from Tang Kai Yuan on,the folk music ofslow tone had developed rapidly. The“Revolution tycoon of Song Ci Poetry”LiuYong and “The bridge between inherit and expand of Song Ci Poetry” Zhang xiancame true, added a wonder for the beginning and fine structure of Manci.Among the poet of Northern Song Dynasty, Liu Yong is the first one who brokethe extravagant and decadent composition style and the small and short chapter of“Huajian”and “Nantang” faction, had a great development and creation in long tone.In the view of content, he created a large number of long sentences, large capacity,uneven, and dynamic Manci, showing his “melancholy of jilv”,“tenderness of loving”,as well as hundred years of peace.In the view of artistic style, he created elaborateart of composition, colloquial style of writing, integration of old and new lyrics inlong tone, which sets foundation of the school of Song Ci.Succeeding to Liu Yong, Zhang Xian employed the Lingci creation methods tocompose Manci and formed a unique style which was called “Zhang Ziye style”,itwas subtle, graceful and restrained. From the content and subject standpoint, therewere Manci which revealed deep emotions, Manci that described banquets and feasts,Manci chanting the beauty of cities and Manci which depicted festivities andseasons.Artistically, the subtle and implicit Lingci creation methods to composeManci enriched words and made the meaning endless.Images were paintedpurposefully and aphorisms were made, creating a realm with quiet charm andethereal beauty. What was more, the employment of preface had raised the style ofManci on the whole. Thus, Zhang Xian ’s Lingci creation methods to compose poemspaved the way for fine structure of Manci.The creation of Zhang and Liu,create the two prototype of Manci. Manci was onthe rise, but it had its own limitations. Henceforth, Su Shi, with his “outstanding and vigorous” talent, opened up a new situation in Manci. His idea of “writing Ci with apoem style” extended Manci to a new horizon. Qin Guan’s idea of "winning in bothemotion and charm" also contributes a lot to the development of Manci; ZhouBangyan, as a great master of Manci, wrote in an elegant but resonant style,combining well the old wind and the new aroma. He exploited the devices of Mancito the maxima and perfected it.The creation of Manci pattern was both the outcome of the time and the outcome ofliteratue of Song Dynasty and Ci’s development.Manci was abundant andcomprehensive,it provided a new style for literati to express their emotions,to depictall things,to reflect “the one” and “the whole”.Manci was the representative andtypical literature of Song Dynasty,it had the profound impact on the descendants,fromSourthern Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty,when referring to literature history,thesignificance of Manci can not be underestimated.