A Study On Defense Department Of Nanjing National Government(1946-1949)

Defense Department of Nanjing national government was founded on June 1st, 1946, which has been considered as one of the most important military reforms after the victory of anti-Japanese War. However, at the end of 1949,Guangzhou liberation, then moved to Taiwan. The government was gone, but during that three-year period, we have seen a government’s going from prosperity to decline. Ministry of Defense and the KMT’s defeat in the war of liberation has a close relationship.This paper studies the following three aspects of the Defense Department:In the first part, we mainly focus on Defense Department of Nanjing to establish.We trace the evolution of central military institutions during each period after the set-up of national government. Then we analyze the reason for the foundation of Nanjing Defense Department:first, the need of constitutional democracy; second, the urgency of a reform due to military committee’s malpractice; third, the trend of the world’s military changes.Then we briefly describe the process of preparation for Defense Department.Finally, define the terms of reference of the main sectors of Ministry of Defense,which are obtained with the product of old and new agencies.In the second part, we mainly analyzes the relationship between the Defense Department personnel management.Defense Department management staff vary widely,it will inevitably affect the implementation of the military policy. The key management personnel of various departments have the following features:first, the North-South imbalances in the distribution; second, generally high professional quality; third, reasonable age structure; and fourth, the striving spirit of the underlying.In the third part, we study the main activities of the Nanjing Defense Department in the continent and its performance analysis. The main activities include:continue to complete reorganization of the army work;improve the treatment of officers and soldiers;issued a lot of rules and regulations;with the PLA combat.About performance investigation, the Chief of General Staff Chen Cheng and Defense Minister He Ying-chin had already made their own plans and tried to put them into practice before they could hold a post. They actually made some achievements, but, there were also some drawbacks. Finally, we analyze the defects of DefenseDepartment:first, it is hard to distinguish the power of commanders; second, Chiang Kai-shek tried to trespass the power of Defense Department; third, the overlapping organizations; fourth, the weakness of political work in the army. Based on the above defects, we can reach a conclusion that the army didn’t realize the nationalization, Chiang Kai-shek, who monopolized military power, made military command errors, leading to the failure of Defense Department in the continent.