Nanjing Urban Air Defense Research (1932-1937)

In September 1931,the Japanese army launched the Mukden Incident and occupied three provinces in northeast China.During the period,the Japanese army dispatched the air forces to bombard some important cities.In January 1932,the Japanese attacked Shanghai and dispatched the air forces to bomb the city,causing a large number of casualties in Shanghai;in addition,the Japanese aircraft also flew to Nanjing over frequent reconnaissance and deterrence.The Japanese air force posed an serious threat to China's national defense security.At that time,Nanjing was not only the capital of the Republic of China,but also the seat of the Nationalist Government,and its strategic position was crucial.Under the situation of intensifying military conflict between China and Japan,the Nationalist Government started the systematic air defense construction,including strengthening the air force in order to protect the security of Nanjing.After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan,Nanjing accelerated the construction of urban air defense in response to the upcoming air strikes.In August,the Japanese began to attack Shanghai,and sent air forces bombed Nanjing and its surrounding areas.From August 15 to December 13,Nanjing military and civilian conducted arduous air defense battle.This paper analyzes the main contents and gains and losses of Nanjing urban air defense construction from 1932 to 1937,starting with the materials of the second historical archives of China,archives of Nanjing city and memoirs of historical figures.This paper is divided into six parts:one is to introduce the relationship between the January 28 incident and Nanjing city air defense,two is the preparation of Nanjing positive air defense and negative air defense,three is to discuss the Japanese aircraft air strikes and Nanjing's response,five is to discuss air defense operations,six is about the evaluation of Nanjing city air defense construction.