Chongqing Education Supervising Implementation Study (1943-1949)

During the study of Chinese history of education, educational supervision hasbeen an important research topic. Among educational supervision has been throughoutthe entire history of the development of education, the establishment of the Division tomention learn from the Zhou dynasty emperor inspections, the Han emperor fortunateto learn, to the Song Dynasty, late Qing implement inspections modern sense, to theeducation of the Republic of China depending on the guide, as well as today’seducational supervision of the implementation, supervision and management educationhas not stopped. Necessary means from the national level of governance oversight andguidance for the education of those in power management education has also takenvarious periods, reflecting the power of the ruling class consciousness in the field ofeducation. This mechanism of educational administration in the long run graduallyformed a direct impact on the national educational development.Education as the lead institution of the Republic of China was originally inheritedthe late Qing Dynasty, as the school education, followed somewhat different stages ofdevelopment, and gradually formed a set of from the central to local relativelycomplete visual guide system. The various parts of the implementation of education asthe guide itself and because of different conditions and with different features. Withrespect to education, as the lead in Chongqing, since the change in their politicalstatus after the war, changes in administrative divisions also affected the changeeducation as the guide. Until February1943, before the establishment of theChongqing Municipal Bureau of Education, specializing in management educationmatters within the scope of jurisdiction of Chongqing. Under the leadership of theChongqing Municipal Bureau of Education, the implementation of a systematic andcomprehensive education as the guiding system. For, as the lead agency, as the leadperson, depending on the lead content, depending on the content of the course guideand others have a more clearly defined, in the actual operation has been effectivelyimplemented, and achieved good results; while there are many problems andshortcomings. Depending on the guide for the management staff, the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Education staff in setting the number of arrangements,appointment criteria, assessment process has strict rules to make it more responsive tothe actual situation of education development in Chongqing. Depending on thespecific educational guide the implementation process, the city Department ofEducation to establish a more complete visual guide mechanism, clearly, as the leadtime, the scope of the provisions, as guide and standardize methods depending on theguide, as the guide strict processes to ensure that education can methodical visualguide carried out. Depending on the contents of the guide, the focus is mainly on theCity Board of Education on all types of schools, for all types of schools within thejurisdiction of a more comprehensive inspections and counseling. Meanwhile, thesocial education were also visual guide; addition, also launched a special visual guide.Chongqing Municipal Education Bureau implemented during this period, as the guide,and achieved good results, highlighting the focus on visual guide software facilities,the establishment of the question, as the lead-based feedback mechanism report, toestablish counseling mainly to solve practical problems improved mechanisms forthese three characteristics. At the same time, due to various reasons, the ChongqingMunicipal Bureau of Education as the lead implementation there are insufficient funds,lack of staff, as the guide, depending on the quality of personnel decreasedconduction and many other issues. Based on the Chongqing Municipal Education asthe lead implementation of the study, this paper attempts to education as the lead casewas in Chongqing implementation of the comb, and strive to extract the worth learningstrengths, summed up their problems in order to be able to Republic education as theguide system there is a more comprehensive understanding, and thus our currenteducational supervision and provide better learning and reference.