The Study Of The Chongqing Dockers In The Republic Of China

Chongqing is a living city on the upper reaches of the Yangtze, which is a peninsula surrounded by the Yangtze river and Jialing river flowing through.Since ancient times Chongqing is supplies distribution center because of the water transportation convenience,and has many natural slope wharf. Since modern times,with the development of Chongqing’s port opening as well as the status of Chongqing city growing,dock transport industry has entered a new stage,and then the emergence of a new group dockers, they are working the wharf, ships,downtown and factories.Their existence is closely related to the development of shipping. As the main line of the dock workers,through to their number, source, organization evolution, daily life and social life, I’m try to reflect the survival state of dockers in Chongqing.Since the opening of Chongqing port, the ships was increasing, and the dockers also gradually increased, especially in time of war, the KMT government moved the capital here, people and goods reached a high point, at which time the wharf shipping business has reached the extreme boom.There is not need any technology in the wharf working,so many people settled down here such as farmers around the province,provincial refugees, the urban poor. Until the end of the war of resistance, the number of dock workers was reducing with the factory moving back. They were controlled by the forces of the country, the country control the dock workers rights, and to earn extra income. With the development of the society the country organizations have undergone,and set up the labor unions, but the country has not removed during the process of restructuring, instead entanglements between different interest groups within the organization. The terminal groups of the chaos cause chaos, forceendowment is not unified, frequent disputes between the labor. Not only the dockers loss self-interest, but also cause great hidden trouble to the urban public security.Despite the local governments renovation to the wharf, but always difficult to change chaos.The main source of workers’ hardships is the labor time and wages, living conditions and diseases disasters, labor and social security and welfare benefits.Working-time and the intensity of labor is long, and the salary just enough to eat.Living conditions is bad, the workers often built a hut along the river, it was narrow space without any health facilities, and easy to get sick. There is almost no labor protection facilities, and easy to suffer from the threat of inductrial injury accident,and the related labor and social security and welfare benefits are little. As the urban underclass group,the dockers provide labor for the development of Chongqing’s shipping, to a certain extent promote the modernization of the city, due to the large number more than the adsorption capacity of city will backfire, urban employment pressure increases, the increased number of unemployment, social unrest element. And the dockers community itself have less education and more easily infected with bad habits, such as opium, gambling, the life habit makes them always on the verge of a society. Government and social groups has made some efforts in improving workers’ cultural level, living environment, health and so on.Although these efforts have little effect for changing the dockers in the living conditions, but to a certain extent, ease the pain of the people on the bottom.Dockworker living condition is a microcosm of the underlying group in society,they came from anywhere, large number and attached to survive the country organizations and trade unions, labor time is long,and too little salary. Income and pay has a huge contrast, what makes the dockers’ life hardship, the hardships of life make them without city life. The dockers, whose working hours, poor wages, no labor guarantee and the poor survival situation, is a universal life portrayal.