The Study On Academic Contention In The Southern Song Dynasty From Qian Dao To Chun Xiyears

In the ancient cultural ideology of China, Pre-Qin academic is entirely original and itsacademic level is high for the later insurmountable. The loose academic environment andstrong sense of mission for the service to the reality are the soil for the thought of Pre-Qinscholars. In the process of thought exchanges, Chinese academic development revealed amomentum from the start. After one thousand years, until two the Song Dynasty, especiallythe Qian Dao and Chun Xi years of the Southern Dynasty, relatively stable society and abooming economy, relatively relaxed academic environment and restoring the sense ofmission make the scholars discuss widely and deeply about the politics, economy, culture andmilitary, foreign policy and so on. China academic in two Song periods develops to a peakand form a mature system.In particular, the academic debates in the southern Song Dynasty between Qian Dao andChun Xi years contain Fujian School with Zhu Xi as a representative, Huxiang School withZhang shi as a representative, Jin hua School with Lv Zu qian as a representative, Yong jiaSchool with Xue Ji xuan and Chen Fu liang as main representatives, Yong kang School withChen Liang as a representative and Jiang xi School with Lu Jiu yuan as a representative.These debates contain that Zhu Xi, as a representative of the Fujian Schools (the followingsare referred to as "Fujian School) discusses on Zhi Yan,"benevolence" and "Human nature"with Hu Xiang School; Fujian School discusses on WuJi TaiJi, GeWu QiongLi andFaMingBenXin and XiNing Reform (for the purpose of Jing Shi Zhi Yong concepts) withJiang XiLu learn; Fujian School discusses on "WangBa""Justice with Zhe Dong Shi GongSchool and so on. These debates involve many aspects such as in the field of the worldoutlook, methodology, political reform and academic ethics and so on. Relative to thesouthern Song Dynasty in the academic before, they not only contain the inheritance based oncriticism, but also expound depth from the aspects of the theory for the deficiency of thesystemso as to construct a relatively integrated academic system; meanwhile, they have agreat effect on later generations, such as the development of Wang Yang ming and the HanAcademic in Qing Dynasty which is based on the criticism on Song Academic. We canprecisely say that the southern Song Dynasty academic truly becomes mature because of thedebates between Qian Dao and Chun Xi years. The essence of academic debates in the years of Qian Dao and Chun Xi in the SouthernSong Dynasty is that different attitudes from many scholars around the traditional concepts ofJing Shi Zhi Yong ". The psychologists claim of the society to change fundamentally from,from cultivating one’s morality, starting to cultivate one’s morality rule by the world and flat,which is the traditional Confucianism; meanwhile the effect of the method, which is fromindividual to groups, by individual to social method, is slow, but fundamental. Because thestate of individual survival development normalization is the basis of society. And Zhe DongShi Gong School strive to the implementation of the policy, directly from the aspects whichare the transformation of society macro, and the reform of the system with the view ofoutstanding effect in short period. We can say that their claims are in line with the purpose ofJing Shi Zhi Yong ". But the former need the relative long period to see its value. If theacademic debates in the years of Qian Dao and Chun Xi can be put in the long river of historyto measure, the neo-Confucianism talk about the malpractices and analyze the reason behindwhich are rather more profound, they leave the spiritual wealth to the later generations whichcan guide of the scholars and can make their academic activities more meaningful.