The Study On The Epidemic Situation Of Overweight Obesity And Hypertension And Their Influencing Factors In Primary School Students In Chongqing

Objectives To know the prevalence of overweight, obesity and hypertension among primary school students of different gender and different age group, from different economic level regions of Chongqing; and to detect the probable influencing factors causing the overweight, obesity or hypertension; So as to lay a foundation for an intervention reducing the overweight, obesity and hypertension cases among these students.Methods The stratified cluster random sampling was used. The per capita GDP(gross domestic product) of each district/county was obtained through statistical information network. Every district/county was classified into high, medium or low level according to its economic. Firstly, three districts/counties were selected, respectively from these three pre-classified economic level regions Secondly, one primary school from urban areas and one from rural areas were both randomly chosen from every of the three districts/counties. Lastly, students were selected from each grade through cluster random sampling. Physical examinations were taken for these lastly selected students. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the persons in charge of the school, the teachers and the medical workers in the school, and the parents or guardians of all the students that were lastly selected.Results(1) The prevalence of overweight, obesity and hypertension among primary school students in Chongqing. The total detection rates of overweight, obesity and hypertension were 11.8%, 8.4% and 2.1% respectively. The detection rates of overweight from high, medium to low economic level regions were as follows: 19.2%, 8.3% and 7.4%; The detection rates of obesity were 15.3%, 5.4% and 3.9% respectively; The detection rates of hypertension were 3.5%, 1.1% and 1.5% respectively. The detection rates of overweight, obesity and hypertension in urban and rural areas were as follows: 14.3%, 10.5% and 2.1% in urban areas while 9.3%, 6.2% and 2.0% in rural areas. The detection rates of overweight, obesity and hypertension of different gender were as follows: 13.6%, 10.8% and 2.2% in boys while 10.0%, 5.9% and 2.0% in girls.(2) The situations of the health facilities, health education lessons and teachers’ health related knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) in these primary schools. All of the six surveyed schools had no full-time doctors; part-time doctors were less than two persons, average. This was under the requirement of The Regulations of School Hygiene, which suggests the school should be equipped with a full-time doctor of every 600 students. Health education lessons were more in the urban schools than in the rural schools. The score of teachers’ health knowledge was only 40.2%. 16.7% teachers smoked in front of the students accumulated more than 15 minutes at least one day within a week. 9.5% teachers considered health education activities and 10.6% teachers considered health education lessons were unnecessary respectively.(3) The influencing factors of overweight and obesity of the primary school students. The results of unconditioned multi-factor logistic regression analysis suggested the following influencing factors: region, urban or rural, gender, family income, grade, whether father/mother was overweight/obesity, whether grandparents had hypertension, whether like eating pork/beef/lamb, whether ate breakfast with sugary drinks and the speed of eating.(4) The influencing factors of hypertension of primary school students. The results of the unconditioned multi-factor logistic regression analysis suggested the following influencing factors: grade, whether student/mother was overweight/obesity, whether ate breakfast with sugary drinks.Conclusions We confronted with a severe situation of disease control according to the detected prevalence of overweight, obesity and hypertension among primary schools in Chongqing with such a number of influencing factors. The health facilities and health education lessons were did not meet the existing requirements and needs. We should increase teachers’ health care knowledge and improve their health behaviors. Students’ unhealthy eating habits and bad habits should be corrected. A ‘school-family-society’ trinity comprehensive intervention may be tried out to reduce the overweight, obesity and hypertension cases among the students.