| Objective: To search and evaluate as classified the published literature papers in Chinese and English on botulinum toxin in the treatment of gummy smile, so as to provide evidence for further study.Methods: Full search was performed to identify the study papers on botulinum toxin in the treatment of gummy smile, in both Chinese and English, published in either Chinese or foreign journals. English literature was searched in Pubmed,Embase,Web of Science,and Scopus databases,and Chinese literature was searched in Wanfang and VIP databases in Chinese. Exclusion criteria were made upon the appropriate conditions,and the final researches were analyzesed in different groups to draw a conclusion.Results: 36 of the 42 Chinese or English papers identified were excluded according to the exclusion criteria. The 4 English papers and 2Chinese papers included varied in the type, ratio, dose, injection mode of botulinum toxin type A applied and the target muscle, and also in the measurement of therapeutic outcome.Conclusion: Botulinum toxin injection provides a novel non-invasive,feasible and repeatable therapeutic option for gummy smile, with wellestablished efficacy. However as the current research remains in the early stage, especially on injection techniques,and the efficacy of various types of Botulinum toxin,further research is warranted to extent its scope of application. |
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