| Objectives The aims of this study were to understand the occurrence of birth defects and air pollution status during 2013.10~2015.09, to investigate the acute effects between the air pollutions and birth defects, and to explore the influence factors of birth defects, for the formulation of relevant prevention and control measures, provide scientific basis for reducing the occurrence of birth defects and the rate of perinatal mortality, so as to improve the quality of the population.Methods The research using time series study, collecting, collating and analysis the perinatal birth defects monitoring data, meteorological data and air pollution data during2013.10~2015.09 in a city. Maternal and perinatal data were from maternal and child health care center, according to the hospital reported birth defects registry cards and the number of perinatal related data collected quarterly; meteorological data were from the Chinese weather data network, including air pressure, wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity; the air pollution data were from daily air quality data of amunicipal environmental protection Bureau. Monitored pollutants were include aresulphur dioxide(SO2), nitrogen dioxide(NO2), respirable particulate matter(PM10), carbon monoxide(CO), ozone(O3), and fine particulate matter(PM2.5).Results1 The conditions of birth defects:During 2013.10~2015.09, totally monitored perinatal births 47046 cases, birth defects of 1000 cases, the birth defect incidence was 21.26 per thousand. Among different age groups and different cultural groups of pregnant women, the incidence of birth defects was statistically significant. The incidence of birth defects was not statistically significant difference between groups of different family income per capitaand different seasons. The incidence of birth defects in boys was higher than that of female. The incidence were 20.15 per thousand and 18.37 per thousand respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant. The top ten birth defects CIS were followed by congenital heart disease(41.2%), ear other malformations(small ear, no ear excepted)(7.0%), multi finger(toe)(6.4%), congenital brain water(3.1%), hypospadias(2.8%), cleft lip and cleft palate(2.6%), small ears(including no ears)(2.3%) and limb length contraction(2.2%), and Down syndrome(2.0%), and syndactylia(1.9%).2 The analytic results of meteorological data and air pollution data:During the study period the city daily mean air pressure was 1013.5h Pa, standard deviation was 9.2h Pa; daily average temperature was 16.6℃, standard deviation was9.0℃; daily average wind velocity was 2.0m/s, standard deviation was 0.9m/s; daily average relative humidity was 75%, standard deviation was 13%. Daily average concentration of SO2 was 19.48μg/m3, the standard deviation was 10.1μg/m3; daily average concentration of NO2 was 30.86μg/m3, the standard deviation was 13.73μg/m3;daily average concentration of PM10 was 108.49μg/m3, the standard deviation was58.72μg/m3; daily average concentration of CO was 1.006mg/m3, standard deviation was 0.37mg/m3; daily average concentration of O3 was 60.56μg/m3, the standard deviation was 27.0μg/m3; daily average concentration of PM2.5 was 78.89μg/m3, the standard deviation for 52.07μg/m3.3 The analysis results of single pollutant GAM model of birth defects:The impact of various pollutants on the daily total birth defects, strongest lag effect of SO2 was in 1 day, namely the concentration of SO2 increased every 10μg/m3, RR value for neonatal birth defects was 1.016(95%CI:1.007-1.024); strongest lag effect of NO2 was in 5 day, RR = 1.013(95% CI: 1.008-1.019); strongest lag effect of PM10 was in the 1 day, RR = 1.002(95%CI:1.001-1.003); strongest lag effect of PM2.5 was in 2day, the RR = 1.005(95%CI:1.004-1.007); lag effect of O3 and CO were not statistically significant during the 7 days.The impact of various pollutants on the daily birth defects in boy, strongest lag effect of SO2 was in 2 day, RR = 1.019(95%CI:1.007-1.030); strongest lag effect of NO2 was in 6 day, RR = 1.010(95%CI:1.003-1.018); strongest lag effect of PM2.5 was in 1day, RR = 1.004(95% CI:1.002-1.007); lag effect of PM10, O3 and CO were not statistically significant during the 7 days.The impact of various pollutants on the daily birth defects in girl, strongest lag effect of SO2 was in 2 day, RR = 1.028(95%CI:1.018-1.038); strongest lag effect of NO2 was in o day, RR = 1.020 95%CI:1.013-1.027; strongest lag effect of PM2.5 was in1 day, RR = 1.002(95%CI:1.000-1.004); strongest lag effect of O3 was in 5 day, RR =1.005(95%CI:1.000-1.009); lag effect of PM10 and CO were not statistically significant during the 7 days.4 The analysis results of milti-pollutants GAM model of birth defects:The fitting analysis results of total pollutants model showed that the two kinds of pollutants,PM2.5 and SO2, affected the total number of daily birth defects, RR values were 1.014(95%CI:1.004-1.024) and 1.009(95%CI:1.008-1.011); NO2 and PM10 had no effect. The RR value of PM2.5 affected on daily birth defects in boy was 1.003(95%CI:1.001-1.006); no effect of SO2 and NO2. The RR value of O3 affected on daily birth defects in girl was 1.005(95%CI:1.000-1.009); SO2, NO2 and PM2.5 had no effect.Conclusions There is an acute effects and a lag effect on air pollution and urban perinatal birth defects. Although the risk of growth is relatively small, but thousands of women of childbearing age were living in the city environment, exposed to high levels of air pollution, the public health problems can’t be ignored. |
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