| The health of women and children is the premise and foundation of the sustainable development of human beings. The mortality rate of pregnant women and newborns is not only the most basic health indicators, but also the important synthetic index of social economic development and human development. As a big country, China has the world’s largest women and children, about 2/3 of the total population. Maternal and child health in China is responsible for reducing the mortality of infants and pregnant women, increasing the life expectancy and the quality of the birth population.Objective Investigation on a neonatal hospital in Changchun, analysis on common neonatal disease and its influencing factors,in order to understand the constitution of the treatment of newborn common disease, difficult diseases, inpatient in the hospital;analysis the hospitalized neonates common disease in general clinical manifestations and difficult disease, positive signs and treatment,to investigate the cause of these diseases, factors and best treatment options; to reveal the major factors of newborn health, as measured by the neonatal medical technology, social medical needs, provide a scientific basis to the rational allocation of clinical diagnosis and preventive health care and neonatal health resources work.Methods Through researching the medical records, analysis theclinical manifestations of the disease, risk factors, treatment and treatment effects of neonatal suffering in the hospital from August 2013 to August 2015. We used descriptive statistics, chi-square test, rank text to analysis hospitalized newborns. P <0.05 was significant.Results(1)There were 823 cases in this investigation, and the ratio of male to female was 1.47:1,low weight infants accounted for 12.75%, premature infants accounted for 12.64%.(2) Pneumonia and neonatal jaundice were the main disease of neonatal diseases according to the disease type, and the proportion were 73.27% and 55.29%.(3) Respiratory diseases and Circulatory system were the main disease of neonatal diseases according to the diseases system, the proportion were 76.19% and 26.97%.(4) Patients with 2 or above diseases in the same time account for 77.76%.(5)There had differences between genderand neonatal encephalopathy(χ2 =4.608, P=0.032).(6) There had differences between age in days of newborn and pneumonia(χ2=25.427, P<0.001), jaundice(χ2=27.874, P <0.001), myocardial injury(χ2=73.009, P <0.001), neonatal infection(χ2=20.394, P<0.001), neonatal encephalopathy(χ2=63.197, P< 0.001), scalp hematoma(χ2=28.562, P<0.001), intracranial hemorrhage(χ2=31.285, P< 0.001) have relevance.(7) There had differences between gestational age and pneumonia(χ2=38.574, P< 0.001), neonatal encephalopathy(χ2=4.261, P=0.039), congenital heart disease(χ2=3.885, P=0.049), sepsis(χ2 =7.818, P=0.005).(8)There had differences between between birth weight and pneumonia(χ2 =15.987,P<0.001)、scalp hematoma(χ2 =8.015,P=0.018)、sepsis(χ2 =12.143,P=0.002.(9)The delivery age of the mother in the hospital was 20-30 age(86.88%),Natural conception of majority(98.30%),69.14% mother is the first delivery.(10) The choice of cesarean section in the mother of 58.57%, of which the Sociology factor choice for cesarean section accounted is 72.41%. There had differences between delivery mode and disease entities(χ2 =18.892,P=0.001).(11) 406 cases(49.33%) of hospitalized neonates were cured, 399 cases(48.48%) were improved. 14 patients were selected for automatic discharge4 cases(0.49%) were died in hospital. (12) Neonatal hospitalization time was 6~10 days up to 449 cases(54.56%), followed by 11~15 days 245 cases(29.77%), the proportion of 21 days or more were 14 cases(1.70%).There were associations between neonatal hospitalization time and age in days of newborn(χ2 =20.502,P<0.001)、age and pneumonia(χ2 =11.005,P=0.004)、birth weight(χ2 =18.329,P<0.001).(13)The highest cure rate of the common diseases was septicemia for 55.56%, followed by pneumonia 52.90%.(14) Newborn disease cure rate and improvement rate increased with the number of chronic diseases, the cure rate was 63.39% with one diseases.(15)770 cases(93.56%) of hospitalized newborns were treated with antibiotic therapy,579 cases(70.35%) were treated with pneumonia among them. 593 cases(77.01%) with a single type of antibiotic, the majority of antibiotics are penicillin and cephalosporin.Conclusion 1.Pneumonia was the main disease of neonatal diseases according to the disease type. 2. Respiratory system diseases was the main disease of neonatal diseases according to the disease system. 3.There was association between neonatal encephalopathy and sex. 4. There were associations between age in days of newborn and pneumonia, jaundice, myocardial injury, neonatal infection, neonatal encephalopathy, scalp hematoma, intracranial hemorrhage. 5. Premature infants ha 的 a high incidence of disease in pneumonia, neonatal encephalopathy, congenital heart disease and sepsis. 6.The prognosis of neonatal common disease is good, and the mortality is low. 7. The mortality of patient with variety of diseases at the same time was high. |
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