| Objective This study aim to survey the nutritional status, dietary habits, prevalence of anemia and vitamin D level of Yanji rural students in elementary school and junior high school, and their influencing factors.Methods955 students from grades 3-9 of two Korean schools and two Han school in rural area of Yanji City were assessed by stratified random cluster sampling method. Their weight and height were measured. BMI were calculated and screened according to the standard of WS/T 456-2014 and the standard of Working Group of Obesity, China,2003. Their eating habits were investigated by questionnaire. Their anemia status was screened by cyanmethemoglobin method. Their serum vitamin D levels were determined by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results1. The cooperation of height between ethnic groupsNo significant differences were found in height of boys aged 11 to 15 between Korean and Han (P>0.05). The average height of Korean boys was 158.80cm, Han boys was 160.58cm, with 1.78cm height difference between two ethnic groups. No significant differences were found in height of girls aged 11 to 13 between Korean and Han (P>0.05), however Korean girls were shorter than Han girls at 14-15 years old (P<0.05). The average height of Korean girls was 154.01cm, Han girls was 156.53cm, with 2.52cm height difference between two ethnic groups.2. The normal, overweight, obesity and malnutrition statusNo significant differences were found in rates of normal, overweigh, obesity and malnutrition between boys (61.0%,15.8%,12.7% and 10.4%) and girls (66.3%, 15.2%,7.6% and 10.9%)(P>0.05).No significant differences were found between Korean girls (63.4%,16.6%, 6.3% and 13.7%) and Han girls (68.6%,14.0%,8.3% and 9.1%)(P>0.05). Korean girls had a slightly higher rate of malnutrition and a slightly lower rate of obesity than Han girls.No significant differences were found between Korean boys (63.0%,14.1%, 11.5% and 11.5%) and Han boys (59.5%,17.4%,13.4% and 9.7%)(P>0.05). Korean boys had slightly higher rates of overweight and obesity than Han boys.3. The correlation of BMI with sleeping and eating habitsNeither correlation of BMI and sleeping hours nor correlation of BMI and sweet consumption were found. Fussy eaters take 36.5%of all students. They have higher BMI (P<0.05) than others.4. Anemia status21.5% of Korean girls,26.5% of Han girls,11.0% of Korean boys and 16.6% of Han boys were suffering anemia problem. No significant differences were found between two ethnic groups. The prevalence of anemia of all students was 19.0%, 13.6% in boys and 24.5% in girls (P＜0.001).5. The correlation of Anemia and eating habitsThe risk of anemia significantly decreased as sweet consumption decreased in boys (P<0.05) and egg consumption (P＜0.01), fruit juice consumption (P＜0.05) increased in girls.6. The Vitamin D statusThere was no serum 25(OH)D3 level difference between two genders in students aged 11 to 13, however, between two ethnic groups, Korean students had a higher level (51.55±60.44nmol/L) than Han students (33.26±28.42 nmol/L) (P＜0.05).Conclusion1. Compared with the average level of Low-income rural are in China, these students showed lower rate of malnutrition and higher rates of overweight and obesity.2. Fussy eaters are more likely to have higher BMI in both boys and girls.3. These students showed higher rate of anemia than the survey date from rural students of China (2005), closed to the average level of Low-income rural are in Guangxi and Yunnan Province, China (2011).4. Sweet may be a risk factor of anemia. Eating eggs and drinking fruit juice can reduce the prevalence of anemia. The fruits juice should not be recommend preventing anemia due to its high sugar content.5. The concentration of serum 25(OH)D3 in Korean students is significantly high than Han students.6. Government and schools should collaborate to improve the dietary environment for rural students, aimed at helping students promote healthful dietary habits. |
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