Anthropometry Of Newborns And Children

Part ⅠA cross-section study on 18 anthropometric of term newborns in Chinese Han population in single centreObjective:To provide reference values of 18 anthropometric parameters for healthy term Chinese Han population in a single centre. Methods:Cross sectional survey method was used. Healthy term and Chinese Han infant without major congenital malformations, born at the Obstetrical and Gynecological Hospital of Fudan University were included. Gestational weeks ranged from 37-40 weeks. Enrolled participants were classified into four groups:37 gestational age,38 gestational age,39 Gestational age and 40 gestational age. There were at least 100 participants in each group accroding to LMS method employed for smoothing the growth curves. Crown-heel length, weight, head circumference, chest circumference, internipple distance, inner canthal distance, outer canthal distance, palpebral fissure length, ear length, ear width, nasal length, nasal width, nasal depth, mouth width, philtrum length, hand length, middle finger length and foot length were measured directly using the method described by Hall’s "Handbook of Physical Measurements". All the measurements were repeated three times and the results were recorded. LMS software light version was used to construct the smoothed centile curves of parameters by gestational age and sex. Results:A total of 595 (305 males,290 females) were enrolled in the study from August 2011 to September 2012, including 83 newborns of 37 weeks (40 males,43 females),218 of 38 weeks (118 males,100 females),185 of 39 weeks (91 males,94 females) and 109 of 40 weeks (54 males,55 females). The 3rd to 97th centile curves of 18 anthropometric parameters were constructed, cutoffs by gestational ages were provided by sex. Five parameters (Five parameters (5/18, 27.8%), including ear length, ear width, nasal width, nasal length and foot length, showed larger values in males than females at 37 weeks (p<0.05). Eleven parameters (11/18,61.1%), including crown-heel length, weight, ear length, ear width, nasal depth, nasal width, nasal length, mouth width, hand length, middle finger length and foot length, showed larger values in males than females at 38 weeks (p<0.05). Fourteen parameters (14/18,77.8%), including crown-heel length, Weight, head circumference, chest circumference, inner canthal distance, outer canthal distance, palpebral fissure length, ear length, ear width, nasal width, nasal length, philtrum length, hand length and foot length, showed larger values for males than females at 39 weeks (p<0.05). Eleven parameters (11/18,61.1%), including crown-heel length, weight, head circumference, chest circumference, inner canthal distance, outer canthal distance, ear length, ear width, nasal width, foot length and internipple distance, showed larger values for males than females at 40 weeks (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our study sets up reference values and centile curves of 18 anthropometric parameters for healthy term Han Chinese newborns in a single centre. The data generally showed larger values in males in 5 to 14 parameters in neonates born at 37 weeks to 40 weeks.Part Ⅱ Normal reference values of growth for Tibetan children aged 0 to 6 years in LhasaObjective:To construct the growth reference values for Tibetan children aged 0 to 6 years in Lhasa. Methods:Cross sectional survey method was used. Healthy Tibetan neonates within 24 to 48 hours after birth at the Obstetrical and Gynecological Department of People’s Hospital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, healthy children aged 1 to 6 years from the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region and children aged 3 to 6 years from 5 Kindergartens in Lhasa were included. Enrolled participants were classified into seven groups:neonate,1 years,2 years,3 years,4 years,5 years and 6 years. There were at least 600 participants (half were males and half were females) in each group accroding to LMS method employed for smoothing the growth curves. Weight, length/height, sitting height, head circumference, chest circumference, arm circumference and triceps skinfold were measured directly using the method described by "Child Health Care (Fourth Edition)" and body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the weight and height data. Extreme values were deleted. LMS software light version was used to construct the smoothed centile curves of parameters by ages and sex. All parameters were evaluated with China references in 2005 and WHO references in 2006 using Z-socre, respectively.Result:A total of 4330 (2114 males,2216 females) normal Tibetan children from January 2012 to June 2013 were enrolled in the study. Deleted data only account for 0.28% of the total data. The number of participant was reliable for construct the smoothing growth curves. The mean and standard deviation and the 3 rd,5th,10th, 25th,50th,75th,85th,90th,95th,97th smoothed percentiles curves for each parameter were constructed, respectively. Eighteen parameters showed larger values in Tibetan males than females, and only six parameters showed larger values in Tibetan females than males. Generally, Tibetan males showed larger values than females in physical development indicators. BMI values of Tibetan children aged 2 to 5 years gradually decline with age. Tibetan children growth charts were slightly lower than WHO child growth standards, and significantly lower than China child growth standards. Conclusion:The mean and standard deviation and percentile curves of each parameter could be applied to facilitate the standardization assessment of growth for Tibetan children in clinical pediatric and public health.