| Objective:To know dietary nutritional status of lactating women and the level of minerals in breast milk, explore the effectiveness of dietary intake to the level of minerals in breast milk, which could provide testimony to enhance the maternal health service.Method:Multi-stage sampling method was used.269lactating women were selected in this study,140from rural of Hengyang and129from urban of Changsha. The health, dietary and nutritional status of lactating women was investigated by using questionnaire. The dietary analysis software for SY2.05was used to analyze results of dietary survey and the results of dietary were consulted for "nutrient reference intake (DRIs)" which was recommended by Chinese Nutrition Society. To collect breast milk samples, then the concentration of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper in breast milk were detected by inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The software for EpiData3.1was used to data entry, and SPSS18.0statistical package was used to statistical analysis.Result:1. Cereal was the most main food, which was903.1g/day, following by vegetables, meats including fish, aquatic products, poultry, which were283.9,183.7g/day, respectively. The average daily intake of oil, beans, fruits, milk was45.1,35.9,37.8,17.7g/day. Except grains, fruits, legumes, food intake were higher in urban area. The intake of eggs, meats for mothers, which lactation was less than1month, was significantly higher than lactation was more than1month. 2. The energy intake was114.8%of DRIs,59.99%of energy from carbohydrates,28.14%from fats, and11.87%from proteins. The protein intake was104.5%of DRIs, and quality protein was42.50%of the total protein. Intake of vitamin E, niacin, vitamin B1, vitamin B2was225.1,113.4,69.8,62.2%of DRIs. Intake of vitamin A, vitamin C was only47.5%and50.3%of DRIs,90.33%and85.50%lactating mothers who vitamin A, vitamin C intake was inadequate. The dietary iron, magnesium, zinc intake was112.6%,91.4%,71.5%of DRIs, but only12.03%of the iron from animal food. Dietary calcium intake was only35.5%of DRIs, and the proportion of inadequate intake was up to96.65%.3. The average contents of calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper in breast milk were298.0mg/kg,34.5mg/kg,1.62mg/kg,1.35mg/kg,0.32mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of iron in urban and rural were1.45mg/kg,1.80mg/kg, which has a significant difference. In different lactations, the significant differences were found for concentrations of iron, zinc and copper. Minerals content in milk were no significant correlation with dietary intake of minerals.Conclusion:1. Cereals were the largest portion of dietary, oils intake is higher, fish aquatic food intake is adequate, for Lactating women. Cereals, meat, eggs, dairy food intake of mother from urban were better than rural.The dietary intake was still not reasonable, which vegetables, fruits, milk intake was insufficient.2. Energy, protein intake of lactating mothers was adequate, and energy source was reasonable. Vitamin E, niacin, magnesium, zinc, iron intake was adequate, but source of iron is unreasonable. Vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium intake were seriously inadequate. 3. The lactation might impact on the concentrations of iron, zinc and copper in breast milk. The dietary might have a less effect on the concentrations of calcium, magnesium in breast milk. |
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