| BackgroundToday, it is accepted in academia that overweight and poor vision are major health problems in the primary and middle school students. Recently, youth sub-health has also become the focus and hot spots of research. The factors that lead to adolescent overweight, poor eyesight and sub-health are very complex. Health damage effects of the sedentary behavior for young people have only recently become the hot topic. Sedentary behavior refers to long-term sitting behavior patterns. For primary and middle school students, when they are learning, reading, watching TV, being in traffic, playing computer games, playing mobile phone and other electronic products are all sedentary behaviors. Generally speaking, the sedentary behavior of adolescents in school is relatively fixed but there are more differences outside class. So, our research focused on the sedentary behavior outside class. Studies of the extracurricular sedentary behavior of are mainly focus on:1) doing homework2) computer studies3) entertainment screen4) reading printed books, newspapers and magazines. Entertainment screen sedentary behavior refers to sitting while watching TV, playing computer games, cell phones and other electronic products. A large number of research studied sedentary behavior, physical activity and obesity in order to explain the relationship between the three. Foreign education sectors have begun to pay attention to the sedentary behavior intervention, which focus on the time of written assignments and entertainment screen sedentary behavior. Domestic education sectors’ interventions have been carried out against the students’studying burden about the time of written assignments, but for the time of entertainment screen sedentary behavior the interventions have not been carried out.ObjectivePurposes of this cross-sectional survey include:①Investigates the sedentary behavior of primary and middle school students in Shanghai.②Preliminary understands the association between different sedentary behavior (especially the time of written work and entertainment screen sedentary behavior) and healthy status, and analyses the effects and characteristics of sedentary behavior on the health status of adolescent.③Finds the demographic and other characteristics of the student group whose written homework or entertainment screen time is too long, and explores the roles of domestic discipline to intervene entertainment screen time in order to provide scientific basis for next effective targeted interventions.MethodsSelected by multi-stage cluster sampling, about6,500students and their parents from24primary and. secondary schools in4districts of Shanghai are participated in the survey. Students’ and parents’ questionnaires are coded one-to-one correspondence. We cleaned and checked questionnaire before entry, established the Epi-Data database and verification of documents, and entered data and exported. Data analysis was performed using SPSS16.0software package.The analysis is constituted by three parts:①Descriptive analysis is used for the basic information of the survey, various health indicators information of students, time composition and the difference of the sedentary behavior of students.②Using correlation analysis, t-test, and chi-square test to study the correlation coefficient of various "sedentary behavior", the demographic and other characteristics of the student group whose written homework or entertainment screen time is too long and lack of sleep.③Apply logistics regression analysis to study the OR(CI) and adj OR(CI) of lack of sleep, too long written homework time, too long entertainment screen time to adolescent overweight and obesity, poor vision, and sub-health risk.ResultsThe sedentary behaviors time and total sedentary behavior time of students (from grades four to eight) were showing an upward trend in addition to extracurricular reading time. The dispersion of average daily entertainment screen time was the highest. Correlation coefficient between average daily total sedentary behavior time and average daily sleep time was-0.181, p<0.01, written time and daily sleep time was-0.23(p<0.01), written assignments time and entertainment screen time was-0.165(p<0.01), written work time and computer learning time was-0.118(p<0.01), entertainment screen entertainment time and computer learning time was0.246(p<0.01), which were relatively large and statistically significant.The rate of students report too long written work time was82.90%. The report rate of students report too long written work time for peripheral urban areas was5.8% higher than the central urban area, the only-child family was3.5%higher than non-only-child family, students whose parents at least one got bachelor’s degree or above was4.2%higher than students whose parents did not, students whose parents at least one has normal work was8%higher than students whose parents neither gets normal work. The report rate of students who feel excellent in academic and low study pressure was significantly lower than the students who feel poor in academic performance and high study pressure.The rate of students report too long entertainment screen time was26.4%. There was an upward trend in reporting rate with grade level. The report rate of peripheral urban areas was5.7%higher than the central urban area, boys were5.9%higher than girls, the only-child was8.7%higher than non-only-child, students whose parents at least one got bachelor’s degree or above was13.6%higher than students whose parents neither got below bachelor’s degree. Students whose parents at least one has normal work was14.6%higher than students whose parents neither gets normal work. The report rate of students who feel poor in academic performance was significantly higher than the students who feel excellent in academic.The lack of sleep rate of primary and secondary students was15.5%, the report rate of girls was2.8%higher than that of boys, peripheral urban areas was2.6%higher than the central urban area.The report rate of students who feel excellent in academic and low study pressure was significantly lower than the students who feel poor in academic performance and high study pressure.The risk of too long entertainment screen time to adolescent health was mainly manifested in the vision (adjOR:1.24,95%CI:1.055～1.456) and sub-health state (adjOR:1.241,95%CI:1.078～1.428). The risk of too long written assignments time to adolescent health was mainly manifested in the sub-health state (adjOR:1.273,95%CI:1.137～1.614). The risk of lack of sleep to adolescent health was mainly manifested in the sub-health state (adjOR:1.935,95%CI:1.646～2.276) and overweight and obesity (adjOR:1.396,95%CI:1.173～1.661)ConclusionSedentary behavior patterns are different among areas of the different levels of economic development.The too long written assignments time and the too long entertainment screen time have different adverse effects on the health. The adverse effects of written work time is mainly by squeezing the sleep time and has a direct adverse impact on health (sub-health), and lack of sleep can lead to health problems (overweight and obesity, sub-health); entertainment screen time has a direct adverse impact on the health (vision and sub-health).The students whose written assignments time and entertaining screen time were too long have certain characteristics. We should focus on the population-based interventions. For reducing students’ extracurricular academic burden, we should pay more attention to groups characterized by underdeveloped areas、high-grade、poor academic performance、high study pressure、boys. For reducing screen sedentary time, we should focus on the groups characterized by developed areas、non-only child、 high-grade boys、poor academic performance、low socio-economic status. For ensuring student’s sleep time, we should pay more attention to the groups characterized by high-grade, peripheral urban areas, poor academic performance, high study pressure girls.Too long entertainment screen time is mainly expressed in individual differences (the dispersion is comparatively large) and is more dangerous to adolescent’s health. So, we should pay more attention to the intervention of entertaining screen time. |
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