Clinical Application Research On The Olfactory Disorders In Parkinson’s Disease With Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Part I High resolution magnetic resonance imaging in the measurementof the olfactory bulb and olfactory sulcus in Parkinson’s DiseaseObjective: To study the research of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging inthe measurement of the olfactory bulb and olfactory sulcus in Parkinson’s disease, anddiscusses the clinical application value of early diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease.Methods: Forty PD patients with olfactory disorder and thirty controls were scanedby Philips Achieva1.5-TMRI and16channel head/neck coil. The statistical analysis ofvariance was performed by the measurement of the olfactory bulb and olfactory sulcus inPACS system. Two independent samples t test were used between PD and controls in theolfactory bulb volume and olfactory groove depth. The relationship of Olfactory bulbvolume and the course of PD used controlling partial correlation analysis of ageResults: There was statistically significant difference (P <0.05was considered assignificant) in the olfactory bulb volume between patients and controls (10.38±4.66mm3,18.68±10.84mm3, t=6.135, P <0.001). No significant difference ware seen in the olfactorysulcus between two groups (10.97±1.826mm,11.55±1.89mm, t=1.296, P=0.199). Resultssuggested there were no significant difference between olfactory bulb volume (11.48±6.04mm3,9.83±3.12mm3; t=1.131, P=0.265), olfactory sulcus and H-Y grades (11.04±2.15mm,10.92±1.59mm; t=0.224, P=0.824). And no clear correlation was seen betweendisease course and the left/right side of the olfactory bulb, the both olfactory bulb volumes(r=-0.141, P=0.393; r=-0.130, P=0.429; r=-0.139, P=0.400).Conclusions: High resolution magnetic resonance imaging in the measurement of theolfactory bulb could provide useful information that may improve the early diagnosis ofParkinson’s disease. Part II T2value assessment of olfactory bulb iron content change ofParkinson’s Disease by Magnetic Resonance double echo sequenceObjective: To Evaluate the feasibility and the change of the olfactory bulb ironcontent characteristics with T2value of the olfactory bulb using MRI double echosequence, so as to evaluate it’s value of quantitative analysis in Parkinson’s disease witholfactory disorders.Methods: Thirty PD patients with olfactory disorder and thirty controls were scanedin coronary double echo sequence by Philips Achieva1.5-TMRI and16channel head/neckcoil. And T2value of the olfactory bulb was measured. Two independent samples t testwere used between PD and controls in T2value of the olfactory bulb. The relationship ofT2value of Olfactory bulb and the course of PD used controlling partial correlationanalysis of age.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in patients and controls wasseeing (113.22±17.06s,125.54±9.43s, t=3.46, P=0.001). Results suggested that there wascorrelation between disease course and olfactory bulb T2values using partial correlationanalysis (r=-0.402, P=0.03). Results suggested there was no significant difference betweenolfactory T2values and H-Y grades (109.22±15.81s,114.05±12.57s; t=0.86, P=0.398).Conclusions: The reduced T2values of olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s patientssignificantly reflected the iron content of olfactory bulb increased， and there wascorrelation between disease course and olfactory bulb T2values. And MRI double echosequence has a high application value in the quantitative analysis of Parkinson’s diseasewith olfactory disorders.Part III Clinical Application study in the diagnosis of Parkinson’sDisease with olfactory disorder by Magnetic Resonance DTI imagingObjective: To evaluate DTI value of quantitative analysis in Parkinson’s disease withsmell disorders by measuring FA value, so as to assess the value of DTI imaging in earlydiagnosis of PD. Methods: MR imaging examinations were performed on Philips Achieva1.5-TMRIand16channel head/neck coil. Twenty-four PD patients with olfactory disorder and thirtycontrols were scaned in DTI with15directions. The statistical analysis of variance wasperformed by the measurement of FA value in gyrus rectus, hippocampus andparahippocampal cortex, piriform cortex and the amygdala (PCA). The FA valuecomparison between PD and controls used two independent samples t test. The FA value ofPD and controls comparison between left and right sides of central olfactory relatedstructures used paired samples t test.Results: The PCA area FA value was statistically significant difference betweenatients and controls (0.396±0.045,0.463±0.037, t=6.059, P <0.001). But no statisticallysignificant difference in gyrus rectus, hippocampus (0.466±0.038,0.474±0.043; t=1.133,P=0.263) and parahippocampal cortex (0.424±0.026,0.434±0.029; t=1.289, P=0.203). Andthere were no significant difference both side of patients (gyrus rectus0.466±0.038,0.459±0.038, t=0.639, P=0.526; hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex0.424±0.026,0.433±0.031, t=1.124, P=0.267; PCA0.396±0.045,0.405±0.042, t=0.743, P=0.461). Aswell as the controls (gyrus rectus0.474±0.043,0.478±0.075, t=0.234, P=0.815;hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex0.434±0.029,0.450±0.034, t=1.990, P=0.052;PCA0.463±0.037,0.465±0.048, t=0.168, P=0.867).Conclusions: In vivo magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging can detect PDsmell with the FA value changes of the olfactory relevant central structure, have greatclinical value in early diagnosis of PD.