| Objectives：1. With the method of the Occupational Stress Inventory Revised edition (OSI-R),investigating the engine drivers’ occupational stress; describing the distributingfeature, the main occupational stress sources, types and influencing factors ofoccupational stress; putting forward the preventive measures to reduce occupationalstress.2. With the Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS), evaluating the degree of train drivers’depressive symptoms, analyzing the main factors affecting train drivers’ depressivesymptoms, describing the hypothetical model of the relationship among the mainoccupational stress sources, occupational stress reactions and depressive symptomsand validating it with the structural equation model, exploring the relationship amongthe main occupational stress sources, occupational stress reactions and depressivesymptoms, which provides the basis ground for improving engine drivers’ mentalhealth by effective intervened measures to decrease occupational stress.Methods：From October2010to April2011, A self-administered questionnaire survey isconducted among1217engine drivers, without mental illness, who work in theFuzhou Depot, Nanchang Railway Bureau for more than one year, among which1067is valid, the valid recovery rate is88%.201train crew from Chongqing, Chengduwith similar age and work environment to engine drivers’ are cluster-sampled as thefirst observation group; and95ground staff in the locomotive depot as the secondobservation group.With the gauge tools of the OSI-R Scale, the SDS Scale and Type A behavior Scale,the thesis describes the extent of occupational stress and depressive symptoms;determines characteristics of the occupation, personality and demography of the threeoccupational groups, which are analysed how to affect the occupational stress anddepressive symptoms; Constructs the hypothetical model of the relationship among the main occupational stress sources, occupational stress reactions and depressivesymptoms and validates it with Amos16.0statistical software and the structuralequation model so as to analyze the direct effects or indirect effects among variables.ResultsⅠ. Researches on theoccupational stress sources, occupational stress reaction ofthe engine drivers, and influencing factors.1. Evaluation on the Reliability and validity of OSI-R and Type A behavior ScaleCronbach α factor of the OSI-R Scale, the subscale of occupational stress sourcesand occupational stress reactions is0.919,0.867and0.827respectively; the split-halfreliability is0.852,0.904and0.896respectively, which meet the homogenousrequirements for the psychometrics.Construct validity analysis shows that the load of each entry in OSI-R Scale, thevalue of which is above0.30, is statistically significant in the corresponding item; theanalysis of the main components in the subscale of occupational stress sources andoccupational stress reactions indicates that with extracting the main components thecumulative contribution rate is53.225%and54.426%respectively, which is higherthan the minimum standards of construct validit (40%)[40].2. Analysis of evaluation on the engine drivers’ occupational stressControlling and considering the impact of confounding factors, covariance analysisshows that the score of train drivers’s occupational stress is252.20±37.93, which islower than that of the train attendants (262.62±38.03)(P <0.01) but higher than theground staff (244.51±33.01); the score of occupational stress sources of train driversand train attendants is161.52±20.05,162.15±20.82respectively, which is higherthan that of the ground staff (158.13±17.97) and isn’t statistically significant; thescore of occupational stress reaction of train drivers is90.68±20.69, which issignificantly lower than that of train attendants (100.47±20.44)(P <0.01) buthigher than that of the ground staff (86.55±18.47).3. Analysis of engine drivers’ occupational stress sources and features of theoccupational stress reaction 3.1. Analysis of engine drivers’ occupational stress sourcesControlling and taking confounding factors into account, the score of “RI” subitemin the subscale of engine drivers’ occupational stress sources is27.58±4.55, and islower than that of the attendants (30.01±4.97), which is statistically significant (P<0.01). In the vector table “My job for my skills and interests”,“I feel a greatresponsibility to work”,“I can work to play”,“I can learn new techniques, newmethod in work”, the train drivers have higher scores than the ground staff and traincrew, which is statistically significant. The “PE” score of train drivers is37.14±6.63,higher than that of the crew score (34.11±6.38), which is statistically significant (P<0.01). In the vector table “My job is dangerous”,“My working hours are not fixed”,“I must highly concentrated”,“I work independently in the working hours”, the traindrivers have higher scores than the ground staff and train crew, which is statisticallysignificant.3.2. Analysis of influencing factors of train drivers’ occupational stressControlling and taking confounding factors into account, the scores of occupationalstress of three occupational groups and its four sub-items "vocational strain","psychological strain","interpersonal strain","physical strain" are lower than those ofthe attendants but higher than the ground staff, which is statistically significant. The"vocational strain" score of train drivers is20.53±5.82, which is lower than that ofthe crew (24.41±5.48),(P <0.01) and indicates that train drivers are concentrated andinterested in their work and perform well."psychological strain" score of train driversis24.37±7.19, which is significantly lower than that of the attendants (28.53±6.83)(P <0.01). The "interpersonal strain" score is21.63±4.76, which is lower than that ofthe attendance (23.19±5.33)(P <0.01) and indicates the negative interpersonalrelations; the "physical strain" score of train drivers is23.80±6.65, which is lowerthan that of the attendances (26.23±6.79)(P <0.01).3.3. The impact of occupational stress sources on occupational stress reactionFurther analyzing the impact of the occupational stress sources on occupationalstress reaction of train drivers, stepwise regression analysis shows that there’re sixsub-items of occupational stress sources affecting the stress reaction. While, the mostinfluencing factors are responsibility, physical environment and role ambiguity, the adjusted R2value of which is0.567,0.551,0.534respectively. There’re five sub-itemsaffecting train attendants’ stress reaction, the adjusted R2value of which is less thanthat of train drivers; there’re three influencing factors for the ground staff and theadjusted R~2value is the minimum.4. Analysis of influencing factors on train drivers’ occupational stressThe occupational stress score of train drivers without physical activity is262.24±36.31, which is significantly higher than that with physical activity (250.12±37.32)(P <0.01); the occupational stress score of train drivers who is tired of life andmarriage, maladjusted to environment, escape from self-accusation, indifferent tofriends is the highest(P <0.01); the occupational stress score of ordinary train driversis253.86±37.71which is significantly higher than that of power train drivers(234.56±37.31)(P<0.01). In addition, the occupational stress score of train driverswith type-A behavior tendencies and depressive symptoms is significantly higher thanthat of train drivers without those behavioral characteristics (P <0.01); the score ofunmarried group is higher than that of married group (P <0.05); the score of traindrivers with at least college education is higher than that of train drivers with highschool education (P <0.05).Multiple stepwise regression analysis shows that the significant influencing factorson the occupational stress are: depressive symptoms score, difficulties treatment,self-feeling of living conditions, length of service and environmental adaptability (P<0.01).5．Conclusions5.1Train drivers in Fuzhou Depot, Nanchang Railway Bureau, expose much higheroccupational stress source, of which role overload, high concentration, bearing theliability of risk and the physical environment are the main influencing factors. Thescore of "role insufficiency" is the lowest, which indicates that the skills and trainingfrom work can basically meet the work requirement of train drivers.5.2The occupational stress source is the most important influencing factor to theoccupational stress source and reaction of train drivers. 5.3Through their own psychological adjustment and the appropriate interventions(such as mandatory rest system), the occupational stress reaction of train driversreduced.5.4Difficulties processing, self-feeling of living conditions, length of service,environmental adaptability and depressive symptoms affect the extent of train drivers’occupational stress.Ⅱ. The study on the relationship between depressive symptoms and occupationalstress of train drivers and the epidemiological effect progress of depressivesymptoms1. Reliability and validity evaluation of Self-Rating Depression ScaleSelf-Rating Depression Scale’s Cronbach α is0.813and the split-half reliability is0.771, which meet the homogenous requirement of psychometrics on the scale.Construct validity analysis shows that the load of each entry in the corresponding itemin the Self-Rating Depression Scale is statistically significant, and the value of whichis greater than0.30; factors of characteristic roots extracted from the Self-RatingDepression Scale are greater than1, there’re three principal components selectedwhose cumulative contribution rate is42.523%and higher than the minimum standardof construct validity (40%)[40].2. The general situation of depressive symptoms of train driversDepressive symptoms score of train drivers is50.38±10.20, which is significantlylower than that of the train crew (52.99±11.43) and the ground staff (52.27±9.48)(P <0.01), all of which are higher than the national norm (41.88±10.51)[55]. Thepositive rate of train drivers’ depressive symptoms is the lowest (49.80%).3. The impact of the train drivers’ occupational stress on depressive symptoms3.1The impact of occupational stress score, occupational stress sources, stressreactions on depressive symptomsThe results shows that for no matter the train drivers or attendants, the scores andpositive rate of depressive symptom increase with the increasing scores ofoccupational stress, occupational stress sources, stress reactions. The trend chi-squareanalysis shows that it is statistically significant (P <0.01). The positive rate of traindrivers’ high occupational stress score group, high occupational stress sources group and high stress reactions group increase significantly, the ROR of which is3.312,2.675and2.865respectively which is significantly greater than that of the attendants(2.080,1.510,2.080).The partial correlation analysis on the train drivers’ occupational stress score anddepression score shows that the scores of the occupational stress, occupational stresssources, stress reaction are all associated with that of depressive symptoms (P <0.01),and the correlation coefficients are greater than that of the train attendants.Multivariate analysis also shows that in the consideration and control of otherconfounding factors, occupational stress and occupational stress reaction other thanlength of service and personal strain capacity are still the major risk factors for theimpact of train drivers’ depressive symptoms (OR=4.104,5.052).3.2The impact of the occupational stress sources on depressive symptoms of the traindriversWith the increasing scores of the six sub-items in the subscale of occupationalstress sources: role overload, role insufficiency, role ambiguity, role conflict,responsibility and physical environment and occupational stress reaction as well asthe increasing scores of its four sub-items: stress reaction, psychological stress,interpersonal stress, physical stress, the score of the train drivers’ depressivesymptoms increase (P <0.05). The above sub-items’ trend chi-square analysis ofdepression positive rate is significant (P <0.01); the ROR values of train drivers’ highrole insufficiency, high role ambiguity, high role boundary are2.522,2.551,2.347respectively, which is greater than that of attendants (ROR values are1.079,1.434,1.855). The ROR of high physical environment of train drivers is1.181which is lessthan that of attendants (1.619). The ROR values of high vocational strain group, highpsychological stress reaction group, high interpersonal stress reaction group and highphysical stress of train drivers are2.298,3.284,2.143, and2.516, which are greaterthan those of attendants (1.841,2.286,1.542, and2.359).Multivariate analysis shows that in the consideration and control of otherconfounding factors, role insufficiency and role ambiguity other than length of serviceand personal strain capacity are still the major risk factors for the impact of train drivers’ depressive symptoms (OR=1.989,4.423); the major occupational stressreactions affecting train drivers’ depressive symptoms are psychological stressreactions, interpersonal reactions and physical strain reaction (OR=2.559,2.091,2.344).4. Analysis of influencing factors on the train drivers’ depressionAnalyzing the Occupational stress adjustment factors on depressive symptoms, theresults show that the train drivers’ depression associated with train drivers who is tiredof life and marriage, maladjusted to environment, escape from self-accusation,indifferent to friends is the highest; the ROR are1.782,1.370,1.593,1.967.Multivariate analysis also shows that the personal ability with friends (OR=5.315) isan important factor of the train drivers’ depressive symptoms.Analyzing the working conditions of train drivers, it indicates that the score andthe positive rate of motor-train-set depressive symptoms are significantly lower thanthat of non-motor-train-set whose ROR is1.733times. The ROR of high standinggroup increases to1.421and the ROR of the high seniority is up to1.476, which is theinfluencing factor of depressive symptoms.5. Constructing the epidemiological effect model of train drivers’ occupational stressresources and occupational stress reaction on the depressive symptoms indicates thatrole insufficiency, role ambiguity, role overload and role boundary may impact ondepressive symptoms on the train drivers through the stress response; which roleinsufficiency and role ambiguity can directly affect the symptoms of depression.Self-feeling of life satisfaction and individual strain may impact on depressivesymptoms on the train drivers through the stress response; individual strain have andirect impact on the train drivers’ depressive symptoms.6. Conclusions6.1The depressive symptoms of the train drivers are lower than the train attendantsand the ground staff.6.2Occupational stress is the most important cause of depressive symptoms for thetrain drivers in Fuzhou Depot, Nanchang Railway Bureau. Role insufficiency and roleambiguity are the main occupational stress source factors affecting train drivers’ depressive symptoms; psychological stress reaction, interpersonal strain, physicalstrain are the main occupational stress reaction factor affecting train drivers’depressive symptoms; Personal strain capacity is the Occupational stress adjustmentfactors affecting train drivers’ depressive symptoms.6.3Constructing the epidemiological effect model of train drivers’ occupational stressresources and occupational stress reaction on the depressive symptoms indicates thatrole insufficiency and role ambiguity can directly affect the symptoms of depression.Self-feeling of life satisfaction may impact on depressive symptoms on the traindrivers through the stress response; individual strain have an direct impact on the traindrivers’ depressive symptoms. |
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