The Comparison Of Adaptability And Economic Characters Of Three Camellia Oleifera

Camellia oleifera belongs to Camellial of Theaceae which is evergreen arbor or shrub. Camellia oleifera is mainly distributed in18°21’N～33°34’N,98°40’E～121°40’E within the scope of more than10provinces, and vertical distribution at an altitude of1000m below the low mountain hills, is southern hilly woody oil plants in China. In recent years, as the country’s emphasis on biological energy, the more enthusiasm of domestic planting of Camellia oleifera, the southern forest region expanded dramatically the planting area of Camellia oleifera, increased significantly the need of Camellia oleifera seedlings, and appeared many different varieties in the current planting. Due to the lack of studies of different varieties of Camellia oleifera about adaptability and yield characteristics, resulting in a larger blindness about these Camellia oleifera varieties planted on current production, affecting the yield and the scale of development of Camellia oleifera. So how to study adaptability and yield characteristics about the different varieties of Camellia oleifera, selecting the different site about the varieties Camellia oleifera varieties planted, and has become an current major issue to resolve on the development process of economic forest.Fuzhou is traditional Camellia oleifera planted area in fujian, screening suitable Camellia oleifera varieties for fuzhou is extremely urgent. For this reason, this study are the main planting of Camellia oleifera Abel., Camellia meiocarpa Hu. and Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. as the research object in fuzhou of Fujian. Through comprehensive investigation about the morphological characteristics, phenology, growth law, yield and the oil quality of different Camellia oleifera varieties in fuzhou region, comparing adaptability and economic characters in fuzhou region, providing a scientific basis for selecte to promote fine germplasm resources and effective cultivation technology in fuzhou region. The main results were as follows:1、The leaf morphological characterwastics of three Camellia oleifera were comparatived and analysed, founding that the leaf of Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. was the largest, its leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, petiole length were increased by2.7mm,2.3mm,0.1mm,0.2mm and4.9mm,3.0mm,0.2mm,0. lmm than Camellia oleifera Abel, and Camellia meiocarpa Hu. In addition, the length and width of leaf bud were increased by0.6mm,0.5mm and1.5mm,0.8mm than Camellia oleifera Abel. and Camellia meiocarpa Hu. At the same time, by comparing fruit morphology of three Camellia oleifera, the fruit of Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. was the biggest, its fruit length, fruit width, fruit peel thickness, fruit weight up to78mm,85mm,9mm,520g, were increased by2.3times,2.7times,3times,10.4times and10.4times,4.1times,9times,17.3times than Camellia oleifera Abel. and Camellia meiocarpa Hu. 2、The phenological characterwastics of three Camellia oleifera showed that Camellia oleifera had the biological characterwastics of flowering in winter nearly, flowers and fruit throughout the year, the growth of leaves mainly concentrated in the spring and summer. In addition, the fruit bearing time of Camellia oleifera Abel. and Camellia meiocarpa Hu. were longer than Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu., Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. was shortest from fruit bearing to maturity, thwas also provides certain reference baswas for fruit picking time and period in the future.3、The growth rule of three Camellia oleifera showed that the tree height of Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. was highest, up to7.2m, the tree height of Camellia oleifera Abel. and Camellia meiocarpa Hu. were basically identical, respectively were decreased by3m and2.9m than Camellia meiocarpa Hu.; the crown width of Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. was biggest, up to6m, was increased by3.2times and2.2times than Camellia oleifera Abel. and Camellia meiocarpa Hu.; the ground diameter and height under branch of Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. were increased by23cm,11cm,0.7m and0.7m than Camellia oleifera Abel. and Camellia meiocarpa Hu.. At the same time, the annual growth of growth traits were comparatived and found the annual growth of Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu.was fastest, Camellia meiocarpa Hu. takes second place, Camellia oleifera Abel. was slowest.4、Compared and analysed the yield and main economic characters of three Camellia oleifera, founding that the yield of Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. reachs120kg, was increased by3.4times and4.8times than Camellia oleifera Abel. and Camellia meiocarpa Hu.; the oil yield per acre, Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. reachs50kg, was increased by15kg and38kg than Camellia oleifera Abel, and Camellia meiocarpa Hu.; the rate of fresh seed yield, Camellia meiocarpa Hu.>Camellia oleifera Abel.>Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu., but Compared the oil content of seed kernel, Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu.>Camellia oleifera Abel> Camellia meiocarpa Hu., There was not a positive correlation between the rate of fresh seed yield and the oil content of seed kernel; the oil content of fresh fruit, Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu.> Camellia oleifera Abel.> Camellia meiocarpa Hu. showing a positive correlation between the oil content of seed kernel and the oil content.5、Through to compare and analyse the adaptability of three Camellia oleifera, Camellia oleifera Abel. vigorous growth at an altitude of300m, the growth was good at an altitude of300～700m, there is greater suppression of growth at an altitude of1100m; Camellia meiocarpa Hu. vigorous growth at an altitude of700meters, the growth was good at an altitude of300～1100m; Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. vigorous growth at an altitude of700meters, there is certain inhibition of growth at an altitude of300m.. Description of safflower camellia is suitable for planting in the elevation of the relatively high local. 6、Through to compare and analyse the oil quality of three Camellia oleifera, extraction into tea seed oil> squeeze into tea seed oil> crude oil, at the same time, the oil quality of Camellia meiocarpa Hu. is best, Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu. took second place, Camellia oleifera Abel. is relatively poor. In addition, the unsaturated fatty acids of three Camellia oleifera were far more than saturated fatty acid, reached more than90%, secondly, there are still some differences about the composition of unsaturated fatty acid of three Camellia oleifera.7、By analyzing and comparing the economic benefit of three Camellia oleifera, founding that the profit of Camellia oleifera Abel. is lowest, only3090yuan, was decreased by790yuan and470yuan than Camellia meiocarpa Hu. and Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu., but the cost of planting about Camellia oleifera Abel. planting is higher, reached760yuan, was increased by140yuan than Camellia meiocarpa Hu., just was decreased by50yuan than Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu.; the profit of Camellia meiocarpa Hu. is highest, but its planting area was only25hm2, was decreased by11hm2and13hm2Camellia oleifera Abel.and Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu..