Study On The Crucial Cultivated Technique Of Cigar In Southwest Of Hubei Province

The cigar has the characteristics of big momentum, full and mellow aroma, sweetthrough bitter taste, less tar and nicotine, the harmless to the human body, which hasbeen accepted by widespread consumers. Because of high profits and big raw materialgap, the rising trend of the cigar is always kept in international market in recent years,which have relatively large market potential. The study on related product of cigarwas conducted in major multinational tobacco group, but which just recently started inChina.The variety BES NO H382of cigar coming from the Hubei tobacco companywas successfully planted in Laifeng county, which was a new breakthrough of thetobacco production in Hubei province. In order to promote the production capacity,enlarge the suitable planting area, improve the yield and quality of cigar, thecomprehensive and systematic study was conducted in techniques of cultivation,modulation and insect control.The planting cultivation techniques of cigar were researched in Laifeng county,which included the time of sowing and transplanting, density, fertilization, pruningtime, numbers of leaves remained and harvesting time. The results as follows:1. The sowing time of cigar in Laifeng county was studied. Sowing early mayaffect not only the germination of seed, but also the quality of seedling. Although latesowing could enhance the rate of emergence, the quality of tobacco seedling was poorbecause of the short of growth time. The advisable sowing time in this region wasfrom February28to March8.2. Effects of transplanting time on agronomic trait, tobacco yield, smokingquality and inherent chemical component were researched. The smoking quality ofcigar that transplanted in April30was the best, and transplanting too late (30May)would affect the intrinsic chemical composition of cigar. So overall, the appropriatetransplanting time was from April30to May10in this area.3. The appropriate nitrogen application rate of cigar was proved in the areas ofwater to dry land and dryland. The appropriate nitrogen rate of water to dry land was 135-165kg/hm2, but which was165-195kg/hm2in the region of dryland. So thedifferent fertilization formula would be lay down in accordance with fertility status ofdryland and water to dry land.4. The appropriate proportion of NPK fertilization was confirmed in cigarplantation region. Influence of increasing the proportion of phosphate fertilizer ongrowth and yield of cigar was greater than increasing the proportion of potashfertilizer. Under the condition of constant nitrogen and potash fertilizer, the yield ofcigar that enhanced the proportion of phosphate fertilization was increased by17.0to17.5%. And the yield of cigar that enhanced the proportion of potash fertilizer wereincreased only3.2%-4.0%under the condition of constant nitrogen and phosphatefertilizer. The suitable proportion of N: P2O5: K2O was1:1.0-1.2:1.5-2.5. Thetobacco-planting soil in Laifeng county was widespread lack of phosphorus. So itshould increase the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer for increasingefficiency of cigar plantation.5. The cultivation density of cigar was proved. Planting density greatly affectedthe yield of cigar and cigar wrapper tobacco, and the degree of influence on the yieldof cigar and cigar wrapper tobacco were different. According to the require ofindustrial production, if completely producing cigar core tobacco leaves, the plantingdensity was arranged by100×30cm, and if completely producing cigar wrappertobacco leaves, which was arranged by110cm×40cm.6. The effects of different application proportion of organic and inorganicfertilizers on the growth and yield of cigar were studied. When the application oforganic fertilizer was in less than40%, it would have little influence on the agronomictrait and growth period. Further increasing organic fertilizer ratio to60%, the growthof cigar was significantly restrained, and the growth period obviously delayed.Comprehensively considering the factors of growth period, agronomic trait, yield andappearance quality, the reasonable application proportion of organic fertilizer was20%-40%. 7. Considering the yield and apparent quality, the period that50%center flowersof tobacco bloomed was the optimal pruning time. The number of tobacco leafaffected not only the yield, but also the quality. The result showed that the reasonableleaf number was about twenty.8. Considering the yield and apparent quality of cigar, the optimal harvestingtime was50-55days after transplanting. It could not only improve the maturity oftobacco leaf and reduce the loss, but also enhance the shine of tobacco and decreasethe rot tobacco rate.