Effects Of Varieties And Sowing Date On The Formation, Yield And Quality Of Single-clove Garlic

Single-clove garlic refers to the ordinary garlic without vernalization stage and the formation of non split garlic. The formation of single-clove garlic is influenced by many factors, sowing date and varieties as two important factors of garlic yield and quality, there are no study on single-clove garlic have been reported. This research choose ?Chifeng white garlic‘ ?Shenyang single-clove garlic‘ ?Shenyang white garlic‘ ?Chifeng purple skin garlic‘ ?Lanzhou purple skin garlic‘ as test materials sow on March 1, March 11, March 21, March 31 to study the different sowing date and varieties influences on single-clove garlic growth and development, nutrient uptake, yield and quality. These results can provide a reference for harvest high quality and high yield of single–clove garlic.The main results were as follows:1. The results showed that in the same sowing date, Lanzhou purple skin garlic has the largest seedling increments, two varieties of Chifeng are the second larger than the Shenyang varieties. The change trend of the above five growth index sowing after 60d(May 10) are consistent with 30 d after sowing(April 10). Lanzhou purple skin garlic opposite to Shenyang white garlic respectively increased by 64.8%, 61.2%, 91.5%, 113.3%, 91.5% and 170.4%. In addition Lanzhou purple skin garlic root growth is the most exuberant, and its root fresh weight, root length and root number increased by 42.1%, 35.4% and 35.4% than Chifeng white garlic. With the sowing date delayed, garlic plant root fresh weight, root length, root number root activity and the content of chlorophyll were significantly decreased, which is consistent in performance of the three kinds of garlic.2. With sowing time delay, the single-clove rate of three varieties of garlic increases significantly, especially in Shenyang single-clove garlic. To the last two sowing date, the rate of single-clove has reached 100%, but the weight, transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of garlic appeared a downward trend along with the delay of sowing date. It is obvious that the rate of single-clove garlic has negative correlation with single-clove weight, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter. Under the condition of the same sowing date, 2 varieties of Shenyang have shorter growing period and higher rate of single-clove garlic, single-clove weight, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter than 2 varieties of Chifeng. Shenyang white garlic‘s rate of single-clove is as high as 100%, but the weight is lower than Shenyang single-clove garlic which its rate of single-clove is only 72.04%. Two varieties of Chifeng have the lowest rate of single-clove and single head weight.3. The soluble sugar, vitamin C and the content of free amino acids in the stem and leaf of garlic gradually decreased with delaying sowing. Those nutrient element content of stem is significantly higher than leaf. Soluble protein content in the stem and leaf did not change obviously with the sowing date delay. The soluble protein content of leaf was higher than the stem. Lanzhou purple skin garlic has higher stem weight, vitamin C, free amino acid content in the leaf than other three varieties in the same sowing date. Chifeng white garlic has the highest soluble sugar content in the stem and it is 14.4% higher than that of Lanzhou purple skin garlic.4. Five main nutrition index content of two previous sowing time to harvest the single-clove garlic are better than two after sowing date. In addition to the soluble protein content of Chifeng white garlic, the soluble sugar of Shenyang single-clove garlic and the allicin content of Shenyang white garlic in the highest of the three indicators in the first sowing date, the rest are second sowing date for the best quality. Harvest with same sowing date of 4 varieties of single head garlic, the garlic allicin, vitamin C and soluble protein content of Shenyang single-clove garlic were higher than other three kinds of garlic. The highest and soluble sugar content variety is Chifeng purple skin garlic. In addition, the content of Chifeng white garlic is obviously better than the other three varieties on the same sowing date, and Shenyang single-clove garlic has the second content of free amino acid. In terms of comprehensive, the overall quality of Shenyang single-clove garlic is superior to other varieties.